Clearing Out a Galaxy

Abstract

It is widely suspected that AGN activity ultimately sweeps galaxies clear of their gas. We work out the observable properties required to achieve this. Large-scale AGN-driven outflows should have kinetic luminosities $\sim \eta \le /2\sim 0.05\le$ and momentum rates $\sim 20\le /c$, where $\le$ is the Eddington luminosity of the central black hole and $\eta \sim 0.1$ its radiative accretion efficiency. This creates an expanding two-phase medium in which molecular species coexist with hot gas, which can persist after the central AGN has switched off. This picture predicts outflow velocities $\sim 1000-1500$ km\,s${}^{-1}$ and mass outflow rates up to $4000 \msun\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ on kpc scales, fixed mainly by the host galaxy velocity dispersion (or equivalently black hole mass). All these features agree with those of outflows observed in galaxies such as Mrk231. This strongly suggests that AGN activity is what sweeps galaxies clear of their gas on a dynamical timescale and makes them red and dead. We suggest future observational tests of this picture.

6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

References in corpus (3)

• Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: AGN Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?
• Massive molecular outflows and negative feedback in ULIRGs observed by Herschel-PACS
• Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies

Cited by in corpus (264)

• Massive Molecular Outflows and Evidence for AGN Feedback from CO Observations
• Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population
• Cool Outflows in Galaxies and their Implications
• Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe
• Wind from the black-hole accretion disk driving a molecular outflow in an active galaxy
• Quasar feedback and the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars
• Observations of Feedback from Radio-Quiet Quasars - II. Kinematics of Ionized Gas Nebulae
• Unification of X-ray winds in Seyfert galaxies: from ultra-fast outflows to warm absorbers
• The multi-phase winds of Markarian 231: from the hot, nuclear, ultra-fast wind to the galaxy-scale, molecular outflow
• Black hole feedback in the luminous quasar PDS 456
• Unleashing Positive Feedback: Linking the Rates of Star Formation, Supermassive Black Hole Accretion and Outflows in Distant Galaxies
• Ionised outflows in z $\sim$ 2.4 quasar host galaxies
• The fast molecular outflow in the Seyfert galaxy IC5063 as seen by ALMA
• Evidence for Wide-Spread AGN Driven Outflows in the Most Massive z~1-2 Star Forming Galaxies
• Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei: Energy- versus momentum-driving
• Energetic galaxy-wide outflows in high-redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies hosting AGN activity
• The KMOS^3D Survey: Demographics and Properties of Galactic Outflows at z = 0.6 - 2.7
• Very extended cold gas, star formation and outflows in the halo of a bright QSO at z>6
• The WISSH Quasars Project I. Powerful ionised outflows in hyper-luminous quasars
• Observations of Feedback from Radio-Quiet Quasars: I. Extents and Morphologies of Ionized Gas Nebulae
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: Evidence for powerful AGN-driven nuclear outflows in massive star-forming galaxies
• The Many Routes to AGN Feedback
• The physics and the structure of the quasar-driven outflow in Mrk 231
• AGN feedback and triggering of star formation in galaxies
• Molecular outflows in local ULIRGs: energetics from multi-transition OH analysis
• Ultra-fast outflows in radio-loud active galactic nuclei
• Quasar-Mode Feedback in Nearby Type 1 Quasars: Ubiquitous Kiloparsec-Scale Outflows and Correlations with Black Hole Properties
• Galaxy-wide outflows: cold gas and star formation at high speeds
• Molecular outflows in local galaxies: Method comparison and a role of intermittent AGN driving
• AGN outflows trigger starbursts in gas-rich galaxies
• The origin of fast molecular outflows in quasars: molecule formation in AGN-driven galactic winds
• Fast outflows and star formation quenching in quasar host galaxies
• Super-Eddington growth of the first black holes
• Star formation in quasar hosts and the origin of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars
• The environment of bright QSOs at z ~ 6: Star forming galaxies and X-ray emission
• Properties of the Multiphase Outflows in Local (Ultra)luminous Infrared Galaxies
• SUPER-II: Spatially resolved ionized gas kinematics and scaling relations in z~2 AGN host galaxies
• Quasar Feedback in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy F11119+3257: Connecting the Accretion Disk Wind with the Large-Scale Molecular Outflow
• Dense Molecular Gas Tracers in the Outflow of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253
• AGN jet feedback on a moving mesh: cocoon inflation, gas flows and turbulence
• Widespread QSO-driven outflows in the early Universe
• AGN feedback works both ways
• The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728
• AGN feedback: galactic-scale outflows driven by radiation pressure on dust
• Driving gas shells with radiation pressure on dust in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
• AGN host galaxy mass function in COSMOS: is AGN feedback responsible for the mass-quenching of galaxies?
• High-resolution imaging of the molecular outflows in two mergers: IRAS17208-0014 and NGC1614
• The gentle monster PDS 456: the kpc scale molecular outflow and its implications for QSO feedback
• Fermi Bubbles Inflated by Winds Launched from the Hot Accretion Flow in Sgr A*
• Radiative cooling of swept up gas in AGN-driven galactic winds and its implications for molecular outflows
• Powering galactic super-winds with small-scale AGN winds
• The WISSH Quasars Project III. X-ray properties of hyper-luminous quasars
• Outflows Driven by Quasars in High-Redshift Galaxies with Radiation Hydrodynamics
• The interstellar and circumnuclear medium of active nuclei traced by HI 21-cm absorption
• ERQs are the BOSS of Quasar Samples: The Highest-Velocity [OIII] Quasar Outflows
• Fermi Bubbles in the Milky Way: the closest AGN feedback laboratory courtesy of Sgr A*?
• Tracing the extreme interplay between radio jets and the ISM in IC5063
• Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. I. Spatially Resolved Mass Outflow Rates for the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Markarian 573
• Ionised gas outflow signatures in SDSS-IV MaNGA active galactic nuclei
• Large-scale outflows in luminous QSOs revisited: The impact of beam smearing on AGN feedback efficiencies
• Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIII. Large-scale Feedback and Star Formation in a Low-Luminosity Quasar at z = 7.07 on the Local Black Hole to Host Mass Relation
• On the formation of the first quasars
• Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics
• AGNIFS survey of local AGN: GMOS-IFU data and outflows in 30 sources
• The Molecular and Ionized Gas Phases of an AGN-driven Outflow in a Typical Massive Galaxy at z=2
• The Effect of the AGN Feedback on the Interstellar Medium of Early-Type Galaxies: 2D Hydrodynamical Simulations of the Low-Rotation Case
• Energy- and momentum-conserving AGN feedback outflows
• ALMA [CI]${}^3{P}_1{-}^3{P}_0$ observations of NGC6240: a puzzling molecular outflow, and the role of outflows in the global ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{CO}}$ factor of (U)LIRGs
• The Limited Impact of Outflows: Integral-Field Spectroscopy of 20 Local AGNs
• Quasar feedback: accelerated star formation and chaotic accretion
• ALMA captures feeding and feedback from the active galactic nucleus in NGC613
• Winds as the origin of radio emission in $z=2.5$ radio-quiet extremely red quasars
• Tracing outflows in the AGN forbidden region with SINFONI
• The M - σrelation in different environments
• High molecular gas content and star formation rates in local galaxies that host quasars, outflows and jets
• Do AGN outflows quench or enhance star formation?
• On the discovery of fast molecular gas in the UFO/BAL quasar APM 08279+5255 at z=3.912
• Similarity of ionized gas nebulae around unobscured and obscured quasars
• Evidence of suppression of star formation by quasar-driven winds in gas-rich host galaxies at z<1?
• The large-scale ionization cones in the Galaxy
• Blandford-Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: method and implementation
• Galaxy-scale ionised winds driven by ultra-fast outflows in two nearby quasars
• Highly accreting quasars: The SDSS low-redshift catalog
• Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy. A powerful ionised galactic outflow, jet-ISM interaction, and evidence for AGN-triggered star formation in a giant bubble
• Galactic Scale Feedback Observed in the 3C 298 Quasar Host Galaxy
• A fast ionised wind in a Star Forming-Quasar system at z~1.5 resolved through Adaptive Optics assisted near-infrared data
• Multiphase quasar-driven outflows in PG 1114+445. I. Entrained ultra-fast outflows
• Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. I. Ultra-fast outflows in QSOs beyond the local Universe
• ALMA Observations of a Candidate Molecular Outflow in an Obscured Quasar
• NGC6240: extended CO structures and their association with shocked gas
• An instability of feedback regulated star formation in galactic nuclei
• An infrared view of AGN feedback in a type-2 quasar: the case of the Teacup galaxy
• AGN feedback in the nucleus of M51
• Extended X-ray Emission From a Quasar-Driven Superbubble
• Testing AGN outflow and accretion models with CIV and HeII emission line demographics in z=2 quasars
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: II. Photoionization and energetics
• No signs of star formation being regulated in the most luminous quasars at z~2 with ALMA
• Galactic outflow driven by the active nucleus and the origin of the gamma-ray emission in NGC 1068
• Ubiquitous Molecular Outflows in z > 4 Massive, Dusty Galaxies II. Momentum-Driven Winds Powered by Star Formation in the Early Universe
• Black Hole Winds II: Hyper-Eddington Winds and Feedback
• Realistic mock observations of the sizes and stellar mass surface densities of massive galaxies in FIRE-2 zoom-in simulations
• Powerful winds in high-redshift obscured and red quasars
• Kinematics of CIV and [OIII] emission in luminous high-redshift quasars
• Physical properties of the first quasars
• Gas kinematics in powerful radio galaxies at z~2: Energy supply from star formation, AGN, and radio jet
• AGN feedback in a galaxy merger: Multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows including a fast molecular gas blob ~6 kpc away from IRAS F08572+3915
• Outflows of stars due to quasar feedback
• BASS XXXI: Outflow scaling relations in low redshift X-ray AGN host galaxies with MUSE
• ALMA Observations of Warm Molecular Gas and Cold Dust in NGC 34
• How the central black hole may shape its host galaxy through AGN feedback
• Extended X-ray emission in the IC 2497 - Hanny's Voorwerp system: energy injection in the gas around a fading AGN
• The Molecular Wind in the Nearest Seyfert Galaxy Circinus Revealed by ALMA
• An enhanced fraction of starbursting galaxies among high Eddington ratio AGNs
• A momentum conserving accretion disk wind in the narrow line Seyfert 1, I Zwicky 1
• Connecting X-ray nuclear winds with galaxy-scale ionised outflows in two $z\sim 1.5$ lensed quasars
• Constraining the dynamical importance of hot gas and radiation pressure in quasar outflows using emission line ratios
• Multi-phase outflows as probes of AGN accretion history
• The Activity of the Neighbours of Seyfert Galaxies
• On the importance of special relativistic effects in modelling ultra-fast outflows
• NuSTAR reveals the extreme properties of the super-Eddington accreting SMBH in PG 1247+267
• Multi-phase outflows in high redshift quasar host galaxies
• Giant scattering cones in obscured quasars
• Discovery of an X-ray Quasar Wind Driving the Cold Gas Outflow in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS F05189-2524
• Galaxy wide radio induced feedback in a radio quiet quasar
• The WISSH quasars project VI. Fraction and properties of BAL quasars in the hyper-luminosity regime
• From Nuclear to Circumgalactic: Zooming in on AGN-Driven Outflows at z~2.2 with SINFONI
• The resolution bias: low resolution feedback simulations are better at destroying galaxies
• The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS): Locating the [O III] wing component in luminous local Type 1 AGN
• Imaging Extended Emission-Line Regions of Obscured AGN with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Using wavelets to capture deviations from smoothness in galaxy-scale strong lenses
• Black hole feedback in a multiphase interstellar medium
• ALMA observations of PKS 1549-79: a case of feeding and feedback in a young radio quasar
• The fraction and kinematics of broad absorption line quasars across cosmic time
• Quasar feedback in the early Universe: the case of SDSS J1148+5251
• Two-phase model for Black Hole feeding and feedback
• Outflowing OH${}^{+}$ in Markarian 231: the ionization rate of the molecular gas
• Extreme Gaseous Outflows in Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Extragalactic gamma-ray background from AGN winds and star-forming galaxies in cosmological galaxy formation models
• A Spatially-Resolved Survey of Distant Quasar Host Galaxies: I. Dynamics of galactic outflows
• The first 62 AGN observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA -- III: stellar and gas kinematics
• Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: an energy-driven wind revealed by massive molecular and fast X-ray outflows in the Seyfert Galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
• The MURALES survey. IV. Searching for nuclear outflows in 3C radio galaxies at z < 0.3 with MUSE observations
• The impact of ionised outflows from z$\sim$2.5 quasars is not through instantaneous in-situ quenching: the evidence from ALMA and VLT/SINFONI
• Enhanced UV radiation and dense clumps in Mrk231's molecular outflow
• NuSTAR view of the black hole wind in the galaxy merger IRAS F11119$+$3257
• The small observed scale of AGN--driven outflows, and inside--out disc quenching
• Massive outflow properties suggest AGN fade slowly
• Direct Detection of Quasar Feedback Via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect
• BAL QSOs and Extreme UFOs: the Eddington connection
• Coexistence of a non thermal jet and a complex ultra fast X-ray outflow in a moderately luminous AGN
• ALMA observations of HCN and HCO+ outflows in the merging galaxy NGC 3256
• Constraining the geometry of the nuclear wind in PDS 456 using a novel emission model
• Quasar-driven outflows account for the missing extragalactic gamma-ray background
• Ionized Outflows in Nearby Quasars are Poorly Coupled to their Host Galaxies
• Molecular Gas during the Post-Starburst Phase: Low Gas Fractions in Green Valley Seyfert Post-Starburst Galaxies
• The soft X-ray spectrum of the luminous narrow line Seyfert galaxy PG1211+143 - evidence for a second high velocity outflow component
• Multi-phase black-hole feedback and a bright [CII] halo in a Lo-BAL quasar at $z\sim 6.6$
• The WISSH quasars project X. Discovery of a multi-component and highly-variable UV ultra-fast outflow in a z=3.6 quasar
• A census of radio-selected AGN on the COSMOS field and of their FIR properties
• Gas reservoir of a hyper-luminous QSO at z=2.6
• Quantifying the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Excess Millimeter Emission in Quasar Environments
• The evolution of the warm absorber reveals a shocked outflow in the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 17020+4544
• Inverse Compton X-ray signature of AGN feedback
• The black hole and host galaxy growth in an isolated $z\sim 6$ QSO observed with ALMA
• A study of X-ray emission of galaxies hosting molecular outflows (MOX sample)
• An outburst scenario for the X-ray spectral variability in 3C 111
• Collapse and fragmentation of molecular clouds under pressure
• Active Galactic Nuclei outflows in galaxy discs
• The extent of ionization in simulations of radio-loud AGNs impacting kpc gas discs
• Suzaku reveals X-ray continuum piercing the nuclear absorber in Markarian 231
• Tidal disruption events can power the observed AGN in dwarf galaxies
• Intermittent AGN episodes drive outflows with a large spread of observable loading factors
• Formation and spatial distribution of hypervelocity stars in AGN outflows
• The Variable Relativistic Outflow of IRAS 13224-3809
• Spatially Resolved Ionized Outflows Extending to $\sim$2 kpc in Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 7469 Revealed by VLT/MUSE
• Evolution of Molecular Clouds in the Superwind Galaxy NGC 1808 Probed by ALMA Observations
• A new discovery space opened by eROSITA: Ionised AGN outflows from X-ray selected samples
• Unveiling the Fast Acceleration of AGN-Driven Winds at Kiloparsec Scales
• Discovery of strong Balmer line absorption in two luminous LoBAL quasars at z~1.5
• The IBISCO survey: I. Multiphase discs and winds in the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 509
• The Obsidian model: Three regimes of black hole feedback
• Ejection-accretion connection in NLS1 AGN 1H 1934-063
• Linking the small scale relativistic winds and the large scale molecular outflows in the z = 1.51 lensed quasar HS 0810+2554
• Molecular Flows in Contemporary Active Galaxies and the Efficacy of Radio-Mechanical Feedback
• Determining AGN luminosity histories using present-day outflow properties: a neural-network based approach
• Accretion disk winds in active galactic nuclei: X-ray observations, models, and feedback
• AGN-driven galactic outflows: comparing models to observations
• Galactic Winds across the Gas-Rich Merger Sequence: I. Highly Ionized N V and O VI Outflows in the QUEST Quasars
• Black hole foraging: feedback drives feeding
• Gas outflows in Seyfert galaxies: effects of star formation versus AGN feedbacks
• Collective properties of quasar narrow associated absorption lines
• Probing the gaseous halo of galaxies through non-thermal emission from AGN-driven outflows
• Dramatic changes in the observed velocity of the accretion disk wind in MCG-03-58-007 are revealed by XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• AGN must be very efficient at powering outflows
• Sensitive Radio Survey of Obscured Quasar Candidates
• The impact of AGN outflows on the surface habitability of terrestrial planets in the Milky Way
• Quantifying the cool ISM in radio AGNs: evidence for late-time re-triggering by galaxy mergers and interactions
• Cold Mode Gas Accretion on Two Galaxy Groups at z$\sim$2
• Down-the-barrel observations of a multiphase quasar outflow at high redshift: VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy of the proximate molecular absorber at z=2.631 towards SDSS J001514+184212
• JWST/NIRSpec insights into the circumnuclear region of Arp 220: A detailed kinematic study
• No evidence for feedback: Unexceptional Low-ionization winds in Host galaxies of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at Redshift z ~1
• A simple way to improve AGN feedback prescription in SPH simulations
• H I absorption towards radio Active Galactic Nuclei of different accretion modes
• Accretion and Obscuration in Merger-Dominated Luminous Red Quasars
• Investigating the nuclear properties of highly accreting active galactic nuclei with XMM-Newton
• Modeling lens potentials with continuous neural fields in galaxy-scale strong lenses
• The $M-\sigma$ relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Life after AGN switchoff: evolution and properties of fossil galactic outflows
• VLT/SINFONI study of black hole growth in high redshift radio-loud quasars from the CARLA survey
• MUSE view of PDS 456: kpc-scale wind, extended ionized gas and close environment
• Dwarf Galaxies and the Black-Hole Scaling Relations
• Molecular gas excitation and outflow properties of obscured quasars at z$\sim$0.1
• Supermassive Black Hole Demographics: Evading $M-\sigma$
• Variations on a theme of AGN-driven outflows: luminosity evolution and ambient density distribution
• Jet-Feedback on kpc scales: a review
• A Spatially-Resolved Survey of Distant Quasar Host Galaxies: II. Photoionization and Kinematics of the ISM
• Outflows in the Gaseous Discs of Active Galaxies and their impact on Black Hole Scaling Relations
• Does a radio jet drive the massive multi-phase outflow in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy IRAS 10565+2448?
• NOEMA spatially resolved view of the multi-phase outflow in IRAS17020+4544: a shocked wind in action?
• Constraints on the ultra-fast outflows in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 1044 from high-resolution time- and flux-resolved spectroscopy
• The stratified disk wind of MCG-03-58-007
• Numerical simulations of AGN wind feedback on black hole accretion: probing down to scales within the sphere of influence
• Exponentially growing bubbles around early super massive black holes
• Supermassive Black Holes and Nuclear Star Clusters: Connection with the Host Galaxy Kinematics and Color
• The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS): No evidence of galaxy-scale hot outflows in two nearby AGN
• On the connection between AGN radiative feedback and massive black hole spin
• The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS). A parsec scale multi-phase outflow in the super-Eddington NLS1 Mrk 1044
• Ionization Mechanisms in Quasar Outflows
• A plausible link between dynamically unsettled molecular gas and the radio jet in NGC 6328
• Feedback from low-to-moderate luminosity radio-AGN with MaNGA
• A broadband X-ray view of the NLSy1 1E 0754.6+392.8
• Warm absorbers: supermassive black hole feeding, and Compton-thick AGN
• The XMM-Newton and NuSTAR view of IRASF11119+3257. I Detection of multiple UFO components and a very cold corona
• Evolution of the Outflows in NGC 3516
• A link between feedback outflows and satellite galaxy suppression
• What is the origin of the stacked radio emission in radio-undetected quasars?: Insights from a radio-infrared image stacking analysis
• Black hole-galaxy co-evolution and the role of feedback
• Remarkably high mass and high velocity dispersion of molecular gas associated with a regular, absorption-selected type-I quasar
• JWST Discovery of a Very Fast Biconical Outflow of Warm Molecular Gas in the Nearby Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy F08572+3915 NW
• AGN anisotropic radiative feedback set by black hole spin
• Jet-mode feedback in NGC 5972: insights from resolved MUSE, GMRT and VLA observations
• The Transition from Galaxy-wide Gas Inflow to Outflow in Quasar Host Galaxies
• Spatial variations of magnetic field along active galactic nuclei jets on sub-pc to Mpc scales
• Broad-band X-ray observation of broad-line radio galaxy 3C 109
• Models of AGN feedback
• AGN radiative feedback in the early growth of massive black holes
• Properties of cold molecular gas in four type-1 active galaxies hosting outflows
• A Massive Gas Outflow Outside the Line-of-Sight: Imaging Polarimetry of the Blue Excess Hot Dust Obscured Galaxy W0204-0506
• Compact stellar systems hosting an intermediate mass black hole: magnetohydrodynamic study of inflow-outflow dynamics
• The X-ray weakness of Little Red Dots and JWST-selected AGN: comparison with local AGN in different accretion regimes
• Multiphase Powerful Outflows Detected in High-z Quasars
• Feeding and feedback in nuclei of galaxies
• Radio jets clearing the way through galaxies: the view from HI and molecular gas
• X-HESS: a large sample of highly accreting serendipitous AGN under the XMM-Newton microscope
• Mapping feedback signatures in 3C 297: A quasar-host merger at Cosmic Noon
• Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS IV. Tracing Radio Emission and Unveiling the Role of Winds
• The extreme properties of the nearby hyper-Eddington accreting Active Galactic Nucleus in IRAS 04416+1215
• Evidence for the connection between star formation rate and evolutionary phases of quasars
• The imprint of AGN-driven outflows on the CGM: the case of Lyα nebulae around high-z quasars
• Compact nuclear objects and properties of their parent galaxies
• Variability Selected Active Galactic Nuclei from ASAS-SN Survey: Constraining the Low Luminosity AGN Population
• Wind-luminosity evolution in NLS1 AGN 1H 0707-495
• Exploring supermassive black hole physics and galaxy quenching across halo mass in FIRE cosmological zoom simulations