Black Hole Winds II: Hyper-Eddington Winds and Feedback

Abstract

We show that black holes supplied with mass at hyper--Eddington rates drive outflows with mildly sub--relativistic velocities. These are $\sim 0.1-0.2c$ for Eddington accretion factors ${\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{acc}}\sim 10-100$, and $\sim 1500\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for ${\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{acc}}\sim 10^4$. Winds like this are seen in the X--ray spectra of ultraluminous sources (ULXs), strongly supporting the view that ULXs are stellar--mass compact binaries in hyper--Eddington accretion states. SS433 appears to be an extreme ULX system (${\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{acc}}\sim 10^4$) viewed from outside the main X--ray emission cone. For less extreme Eddington factors ${\dot{m}}_{\mathrm{acc}}\sim 10-100$ the photospheric temperatures of the winds are $\sim 100$\, eV, consistent with the picture that the ultraluminous supersoft sources (ULSs) are ULXs seen outside the medium--energy X--ray beam, unifying the ULX/ULS populations and SS433 (actually a ULS but with photospheric emission too soft to detect). For supermassive black holes (SMBHs), feedback from hyper--Eddington accretion is significantly more powerful than the usual near--Eddington (`UFO') case, and if realised in nature would imply $M-\sigma$ masses noticeably smaller than observed. We suggest that the likely warping of the accretion disc in such cases may lead to much of the disc mass being expelled, severely reducing the incidence of such strong feedback. We show that hyper--Eddington feedback from bright ULXs can have major effects on their host galaxies. This is likely to have important consequences for the formation and survival of small galaxies.

7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (11)

• Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
• An Ultraluminous X-ray Source Powered by An Accreting Neutron Star
• Powerful Outflows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Wind from the black-hole accretion disk driving a molecular outflow in an active galaxy
• Masses, Beaming and Eddington Ratios in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
• A ~50,000 solar mass black hole in the nucleus of RGG 118
• Fuelling Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN Flickering and Chaotic Accretion
• Efficiency of Super-Eddington Magnetically-Arrested Accretion
• Radiation hydrodynamics simulations of wide-angle outflows from super-critical accretion disks around black holes
• Comparison between RHD simulation of supercritical accretion flows and steady model with outflows

Cited by in corpus (29)

• Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• Resolved atomic lines reveal outflows in two ultraluminous X-ray sources
• Hyper-Eddington accretion flows onto massive black holes
• A Population of Bona Fide Intermediate Mass Black Holes Identified as Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources
• A likely decade-long sustained tidal disruption event
• The energetics of AGN radiation pressure-driven outflows
• UV line driven disc wind as the origin of ultrafast outflows in AGN
• Nature of the soft ULX in NGC 247: super-Eddington outflow and transition between the supersoft and soft ultraluminous regimes
• Tidal Disruption of a Main-Sequence Star by an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole: A Bright Decade
• Large Decay of X-ray Flux in 2XMM J123103.2+110648: Evidence for a Tidal Disruption Event
• Extreme quasars at high redshift
• Chandra reveals a possible ultra-fast outflow in the super-Eddington Be/X-ray binary Swift J0243.6+6124
• Testing wind as an explanation for the spin problem in the continuum-fitting method
• Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the morphology of head-tail radio galaxies based on magnetic tower jet model
• The properties of wind and jet from a super-Eddington accretion flow around a supermassive black hole
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources are beamed
• The intermediate-ionization lines as virial broadening estimators for Population A quasars
• AGN must be very efficient at powering outflows
• Geometrical beaming of stellar mass ULXs
• Calibrating the binary black hole population in nuclear star clusters through tidal disruption events
• Follow-up Observations of the Prolonged, super-Eddington, Tidal Disruption Event Candidate 3XMM~J150052.0+015452: the Slow Decline Continues
• Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5
• Radiatively-driven black-hole winds revisited
• Warm absorbers: supermassive black hole feeding, and Compton-thick AGN
• SN 2022jli: The ultraluminous birth of a low-mass X-ray binary
• Peculiar outbursts of an ultra luminous source likely signs of an aperiodic disc-wind
• Strong X-ray Variability of I Zwicky 1: Obscuration from Clumpy Accretion-Disk Winds
• Investigating the origin of radio emission in candidate super-Eddington accreting black holes