Broad absorption features in wind-dominated ULXs?

Abstract

The luminosities of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) require an exotic solution with either super-critical accretion modes onto stellar mass black holes or sub-critical accretion onto intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) being invoked. Discriminating between the two is non-trivial due to the present lack of a direct mass measurement. A key expectation of the super-critical mode of accretion is the presence of powerful radiatively-driven winds. Here we analyse XMM-Newton data from NGC 5408 X-1 and NGC 6946 X-1 and find that strong soft residuals present in the X-ray spectra can be reconciled with broadened, blue-shifted absorption by a partially ionised, optically thin phase of this wind. We derive initial values for the physical parameters of the wind; we also discuss other possible origins for the observed features.

5 pages, 1 figure, accepted to MNRAS letters

References in corpus (10)

• Super-critically accreting stellar-mass black holes as ultraluminous X-ray sources
• XMM-Newton observations of the brightest Ultraluminous X-ray sources
• The ultraluminous state revisited: fractional variability and spectral shape as diagnostics of super-Eddington accretion
• Masses, Beaming and Eddington Ratios in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
• X-ray observations of ultraluminous X-ray sources
• X-ray Outflows and Super-Eddington Accretion in the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Holmberg IX X-1
• The K luminosity-metallicity relation for dwarf galaxies and the tidal dwarf galaxies in the tails of HCG 31
• A Multi-epoch Timing and Spectral Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source NGC 5408 X-1 with XMM-Newton
• Elemental Abundances of Nearby Galaxies through High Signal-to-Noise XMM-Newton Observations of ULXs
• X-ray variability and energy spectra from NGC5408 X-1 with XMM-Newton

Cited by in corpus (83)

• Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Resolved atomic lines reveal outflows in two ultraluminous X-ray sources
• A spectral-timing model for ULXs in the super-critical regime
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources
• From ultraluminous X-ray sources to ultraluminous supersoft sources: NGC 55 ULX, the missing link
• Diagnosing the accretion flow in ultraluminous X-ray sources using soft X-ray atomic features
• Broadband X-ray Spectra of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Holmberg IX X-1 observed with NuSTAR, XMM-Newton and Suzaku
• Pulsator-like spectra from Ultraluminous X-ray sources and the search for more ultraluminous pulsars
• Optically thick outflows in ultraluminous supersoft sources
• ULX spectra revisited: Accreting, highly magnetized neutron stars as the engines of ultraluminous X-ray sources
• An Iron K Component to the Ultrafast Outflow in NGC 1313 X-1
• Searching for Outflows in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Through High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy
• Long-term X-ray spectral evolution of Ultraluminous X-ray sources: implications on the accretion flow geometry and the nature of the accretor
• NuSTAR reveals the hidden nature of SS433
• The Unusual Broadband X-ray Spectral Variability of NGC 1313 X-1 seen with XMM$-$Newton, Chandra and NuSTAR
• Ultra Luminous X-ray Sources: a deeper insight into their spectral evolution
• The X-ray spectral evolution of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X-1
• Lense-Thirring precession in ULXs as a possible means to constrain the neutron star equation-of-state
• XMM-Newton Campaign On Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 1313 X-1: Wind vs. State Variability
• An optically-thick disk wind in GRO J1655-40?
• Black Hole Winds II: Hyper-Eddington Winds and Feedback
• Nature of the soft ULX in NGC 247: super-Eddington outflow and transition between the supersoft and soft ultraluminous regimes
• Evolution of a Relativistic Outflow and X-ray Corona in the Extreme Changing-Look AGN 1ES 1927+654
• The Lense-Thirring timing-accretion plane for ULXs
• Revisiting the ultraluminous supersoft source in M101: an optically thick outflow model
• Thermal stability of winds driven by radiation pressure in super-Eddington accretion disks
• Evidence for precession due to supercritical accretion in ultraluminous X-ray sources
• Modeling the light curves of ultraluminous X-ray sources as precession
• Revealing the location and structure of the accretion disk-wind in PDS456
• Irradiated, colour-temperature-corrected accretion discs in ultraluminous X-ray sources
• The Broadband Spectral Variability of Holmberg IX X-1
• Roche-lobe overflow systems powered by black holes in young star clusters: the importance of dynamical exchanges
• The Nature of ULX Source M101 X-1: Optically Thick Outflow from A Stellar Mass Black Hole
• X-ray time lags and nonlinear variability in the ultraluminous X-ray sources NGC 5408 X-1 and NGC 6946 X-1
• Two eclipsing ultraluminous X-ray sources in M 51
• A deficit of ultraluminous X-ray sources in luminous infrared galaxies
• Global Three-Dimensional Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Accretion onto a Stellar Mass Black Hole at Sub- and Near-critical Accretion Rates
• No Strong Geometric Beaming in the Ultraluminous Neutron Star Binary NGC 300 ULX-1 (SN 2010da) from Swift and Gemini
• The ultraluminous X-ray source bubble in NGC 5585
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources with flat-topped noise and QPO
• Ultrafast outflows in ultraluminous X-ray sources
• NuSTAR and Swift observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source IC 342 X-1 in 2016: witnessing spectral evolution
• The Rapidly Spinning Intermediate-Mass Black Hole 3XMM J150052.0+015452
• Spectral variability in Swift and Chandra observations of the Ultraluminous source NGC 55 ULX1
• Patchy Accretion Disks in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
• Linking soft excess in ultraluminous X-ray sources with optically thick wind driven by supercritical accretion
• Broadband X-ray spectral variability of the pulsing ULX NGC 1313 X-2
• The ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 ULX1: a large stellar mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington rates?
• The chameleon on the branches: spectral state transition and dips in NGC 247 ULX-1
• Crossing the Eddington limit: examining disk spectra at high accretion rates
• Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy
• SIROCCO: A Publicly Available Monte Carlo Ionization and Radiative Transfer Code for Astrophysical Outflows
• Geometrical beaming of stellar mass ULXs
• Long-term Spectral Variability of the Ultra-luminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X--1
• ULX behaviour: the ultraluminous state, winds & interesting anomalies
• An 8.56 keV absorption line in the hyperluminous X-ray source in NGC 4045: ultra-fast outflow or cyclotron line?
• A multi-wavelength view of distinct accretion regimes in the pulsating ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2
• A new pulsating neutron star in the Ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 4559 X7?
• Propeller states in locally super-critical ULXs
• Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5
• A New Possible Accretion Scenario for Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources
• On the nature of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg II X-1
• A Sparkler in the Fireworks Galaxy: Discovery of an Ultraluminous X-ray Transient with a Strong Oxygen Line in NGC 6946
• The impact of precession on the observed population of ULXs
• Discovery of two eclipsing X-ray binaries in M51
• Warm absorbers: supermassive black hole feeding, and Compton-thick AGN
• The ultraluminous X-ray source M81 X-6: a weakly magnetised neutron star with a precessing accretion disc?
• Investigation of the timing and spectral properties of an Ultra-luminous X-ray pulsar NGC 7793 P13
• Constraint on the accretion of NGC 6946 X-1 using broadband X-ray data
• An extreme Ultraluminous X-ray source X-1 in NGC 5055
• The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P): Studying Extreme Accretion with Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
• Hard X-ray flares and spectral variability in NGC 4395 ULX1
• Observational limits on the X-ray emission from the bubble nebula surrounding Ho IX X-1
• X-ray reverberation models of the disc wind in ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1
• Deep $Chandra$ observations of the NGC 4472 globular cluster black hole XMMU 122939.7+075333: Short term variability from the first globular cluster black hole binary
• A New Characterization of the Compton Process in the ULX Spectra
• NGC 2403 XMM4: evidence for a super-Eddington neutron star with a possible transient pulsation
• A NuSTAR study of quasi-periodic oscillations from the ultraluminous X-ray sources in M82
• Long-Term X-Ray/UV Variability in ULXs
• XMM-Newton multi-year campaign on NGC 55 ULX-1: Resolving the wind and its variability with RGS
• Spectral and Temporal Properties of Ultra-luminous X-ray Source NGC 55 ULX1
• Ultraluminous X-ray sources in the first eROSITA survey I. Candidate catalogs