Supermassive black holes formed by direct collapse of inflationary perturbations

Abstract

We propose a mechanism of producing a new type of primordial perturbations that collapse to primordial black holes whose mass can be as large as necessary for them to grow to the supermassive black holes observed at high redshifts, without contradicting COBE/FIRAS upper limits on cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectral distortions. In our model, the observable Universe consists of two kinds of many small patches which experienced different expansion histories during inflation. Primordial perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes are realized on patches that experienced more Hubble expansion than the others. By making these patches the minor component, the rarity of supermassive black holes can be explained. On the other hand, most regions of the Universe experienced the standard history and, hence, only have standard almost-scale-invariant adiabatic perturbations confirmed by observations of CMB or large-scale structures of the Universe. Thus, our mechanism can evade the constraint from the nondetection of the CMB distortion set by the COBE/FIRAS measurement. Our model predicts the existence of supermassive black holes even at redshifts much higher than those observed. Hence, our model can be tested by future observations peeking into the higher-redshift Universe.

30 pages, 11 figures, accepted in PRD

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Cited by in corpus (35)

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• Multi-messenger Probes of Inflationary Fluctuations and Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial black holes from single-field inflation: a fine-tuning audit
• Primordial Black Holes Arise When The Inflaton Falls
• Primordial black hole formation by vacuum bubbles II
• Primordial Black Holes from QCD Axion Bubbles
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• Window function dependence of the novel mass function of primordial black holes
• Search for the stochastic gravitational-wave background induced by primordial curvature perturbations in LIGO's second observing run
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• Structure Formation after Reheating: Supermassive Primordial Black Holes and Fermi Ball Dark Matter
• Threshold of Primordial Black Hole Formation against Velocity Dispersion in Matter-Dominated Era
• Angular correlation as a novel probe of supermassive primordial black holes
• Constraints on the abundance of supermassive primordial black holes from lensing of compact radio sources
• Sudden braking and turning with a two-field potential bump: primordial black hole formation
• $\mu$-distortion around stupendously large primordial black holes
• Revisiting the Affleck-Dine mechanism for primordial black hole formation
• Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to black holes being seeds of high-redshifted supermassive black holes
• Multipoint correlators in multifield cosmology
• $\mathcal{O}(10)M_{\odot }$ primordial black holes and string axion dark matter
• Strong clustering of primordial black holes from Affleck-Dine mechanism
• Robust μ-distortion constraints on primordial supermassive black holes from cubic (gNL) non-Gaussian perturbations
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Spiky CMB distortions from primordial bubbles
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Non-Gaussianities and Primordial Black Holes
• Can asteroid-mass PBHDM be compatible with catalyzed phase transition interpretation of PTA?
• Lattice Simulation of Multi-Stream Inflation
• Primordial black holes from a curvaton: the role of bimodal distributions
• Simulating Binary Primordial Black Hole Mergers in Dark Matter Halos
• Primordial Black Holes from Spatially Varying Cosmological Constant Induced by Field Fluctuations in Extra Dimensions