Structure Formation after Reheating: Supermassive Primordial Black Holes and Fermi Ball Dark Matter

Abstract

In the presence of (relatively) long-range forces, structures can form even during the radiation dominated era, leading to compact objects, such as Fermi balls or primordial black holes (PBHs), which can account for all or part of dark matter. We present a detailed analysis of a model in which fermions are produced from the inflaton decay developing some particle-antiparticle asymmetry. These fermions undergo clustering and structure formation driven by a Yukawa interaction. The same interaction provides a cooling channel for the dark halos via scalar radiation, leading to rapid collapse and the formation of a compact object. We discuss the criteria for the formation of either PBHs and Fermi balls. In the PBH formation regime, supermassive PBHs can seed the active galactic nuclei or quasars found at high redshift. Alternatively, Fermi balls can account for all of the cold dark matter, while evading microlensing constraints.

9 pages, 6 figures

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• Black Holes from Fermi Ball Collapse
• Probing Long-Range Forces Between Neutrinos with Cosmic Structures
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Primordial Black Hole Reheating in Upcoming Interferometry Missions
• Clustering and Runaway Merging in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Black Hole Cold Brew: Fermi Degeneracy Pressure
• Dimming Starlight with Dark Compact Objects
• Dynamical backreaction of a mass-acquiring scalar field on first-order phase transitions
• Dark wounds on icy moons: Ganymede's subsurface ocean as a dark matter detector
• The Dark Side of the Moon: Listening to Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves