Sensitivities on non-spinning and spinning primordial black hole dark matter with global 21 cm troughs

Abstract

Detection of the global 21 cm signal arising from neutral hydrogen can revolutionize our understanding of the standard evolution of the universe after recombination. In addition, it can also be an excellent probe of Dark Matter (DM). Among all the DM candidates, Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are one of the most well-motivated. Hawking emission from low-mass PBHs can have substantial effect on the thermal and ionization history of the early universe, and that in turn can have an imprint on the global 21 cm signal. Recently EDGES has claimed a global 21 cm signal, though SARAS 3 has rejected that claim. In this work, we investigate the sensitivities on non-spinning and spinning PBHs arising from an EDGES-like measurement of the global 21 cm signal, and find that the sensitivities will be competitive with those arising from other astrophysical observables. We show that the sensitivities can be significantly strengthened depending on various uncertain astrophysical parameters. Besides, we also derive projections on the PBH density from the absorption trough expected during the Dark Ages. Our work shows that the near future unambiguous detection of the global 21 cm absorption troughs can be an excellent probe of PBH DM.

v2: 15 pages, 10 figures. Results unchanged. Version published in Physical Review D

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• Primordial black hole dark matter from inflation: the reverse engineering approach
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• Enhancing gravitational wave anisotropies with peaked scalar sources
• Detecting Axion-Like Particles with Primordial Black Holes
• Determining the spin of light primordial black holes with Hawking radiation
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• Search for primordial black hole dark matter with X-ray spectroscopic and imaging satellite experiments and prospects for future satellite missions
• Impact of radiation from primordial black holes on the 21-cm angular-power spectrum in the dark ages
• Constraining PBH mass distributions from 21cm brightness temperature results and an analytical mapping between probability distribution of 21cm signal and PBH masses
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