Constraints on primordial black holes and curvature perturbations from the global 21cm signal

Abstract

The recent observations of the global 21cm signal by EDGES and gravitational waves by LIGO/VIGO have revived interest in PBHs. Different from previous works, we investigate the influence of PBHs on the evolution of the IGM for the mass range $6\times 10^{13}\mathrm{g}\lesssim M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\lesssim 3\times 10^{14}\mathrm{g}$. Since the lifetime of these PBHs is smaller than the present age of the Universe, they have evaporated by the present day. Due to Hawking radiation, the heating effects of PBHs on the IGM can suppress the absorption amplitude of the global 21cm signal. In this work, by requiring that the differential brightness temperature of the global 21cm signals in the redshift range of $10\lesssim z\lesssim 30$, e.g., $\delta T_b\lesssim -100\mathrm{mK}$, we obtain upper limits on the initial mass fraction of PBHs. We find that the strongest upper limit is ${\beta }_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim 2\times 10^{-30}$. Since the formation of PBHs is related to primordial curvature perturbations, by using the constraints on the initial mass fraction of PBHs we obtain the upper limits on the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations for the scale range $8.0\times 10^{15}\lesssim k\lesssim 1.8\times 10^{16}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$, corresponding to the mass range considered here. We find that the strongest upper limit is ${\mathcal{P}}_{\mathcal{R}}(k)\sim 0.0046$. By comparing with previous works, we find that for the mass range (or the scale range) investigated in this work the global 21cm signals or the 21cm power spectrum should give the strongest upper limits on the initial mass fraction of PBHs and on the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations.

10pages, 4 figure, comments welcome

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Cited by in corpus (16)

• 21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
• Probing the effects of primordial black holes on 21-cm EDGES signal along with interacting dark energy and dark matter - baryon scattering
• Bounds on abundance of primordial black hole and dark matter from EDGES 21-cm signal
• Constraining spinning primordial black holes with global 21-cm signal
• Constraints on accreting primordial black holes with the global 21-cm signal
• Influences of accreting primordial black holes on the global 21 cm signal in the dark ages
• Exploring multimessenger signals from heavy dark matter decay with EDGES 21-cm result and IceCube
• Probing the primordial Universe with 21-cm line from cosmic dawn/epoch of reionization
• Global 21-cm brightness temperature in viscous dark energy models
• Impact of radiation from primordial black holes on the 21-cm angular-power spectrum in the dark ages
• Constraining PBH mass distributions from 21cm brightness temperature results and an analytical mapping between probability distribution of 21cm signal and PBH masses
• Analyzing the 21-cm signal brightness temperature in the Universe with inhomogeneities
• Astrophysical uncertainties challenge 21-cm forecasts: A primordial black hole case study
• Constraining the Hubble parameter with the 21 cm brightness temperature signal in a universe with inhomogeneities
• Influence of the deviation of the matter power spectrum at small scales on the global 21-cm signal at cosmic dawn
• Sensitivities on non-spinning and spinning primordial black hole dark matter with global 21 cm troughs