On $N$-body simulations of globular cluster stream

Abstract

Stellar tidal streams are sensitive tracers of the properties of the gravitational potential in which they orbit and detailed observations of their density structure can be used to place stringent constraints on fluctuations in the potential caused by, e.g., the expected populations of dark matter subhalos in the standard cold dark matter paradigm (CDM). Simulations of the evolution of stellar streams in live $N$-body halos without low-mass dark-matter subhalos, however, indicate that streams exhibit significant perturbations on small scales even in the absence of substructure. Here we demonstrate, using high-resolution $N$-body simulations combined with sophisticated semi-analytic and simple analytic models, that the mass resolutions of $10^4$--$10^5{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ commonly used to perform such simulations cause spurious stream density variations with a similar magnitude on large scales as those expected from a CDM-like subhalo population and an order of magnitude larger on small, yet observable, scales. We estimate that mass resolutions of $\approx 100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ ($\approx 1{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) are necessary for spurious, numerical density variations to be well below the CDM subhalo expectation on large (small) scales. That streams are sensitive to a simulation's particle mass down to such small masses indicates that streams are sensitive to dark matter clustering down to these low masses if a significant fraction of the dark matter is clustered or concentrated in this way, for example, in MACHO models with masses of $10$--$100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$.

arXiv comment6 pages, 6 figures

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• Strong lensing constraints on primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate
• Properties of globular clusters formed in dark matter mini-halos
• Characterization and dynamics of the peculiar stream Jhelum, A tentative role for the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter from Gravitational Scattering
• Statistical Analysis of the Probability of Interaction of Globular Clusters with Each Other and with the Galactic Center on the Cosmological Time Scale According to Gaia DR2 Data
• No Stream Left Unscathed: The imprint of a host galaxy