Direct Detection of CDM Substructure

Abstract

We devise a method to measure the abundance of satellite halos in gravitational lens galaxies, and apply our method to a sample of 7 lens systems. After using Monte Carlo simulations to verify the method, we find that substructure comprises fraction f=0.02 (median, 0.006<f<0.07 at 90% confidence) of the mass of typical lens galaxies, in excellent agreement with predictions of CDM simulations. We estimate a characteristic critical radius for the satellites of 0.0001<b/arcsec<0.006 (90% confidence). For a satellite mass function of dn/dM M^x with x=-1.8 and M_l<M<M_h, the critical radius provides an estimate that the upper mass limit is 10^6Msun < M_h < 10^9Msun. Our measurement confirms a generic prediction of CDM models, and may obviate the need to invoke alternatives to CDM like warm dark matter or self-interacting dark matter.

ApJ in press, 23 pages, 6 figures

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• On $N$-body simulations of globular cluster stream
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• Microlensing bias on the detection of strong lensing gravitational wave
• Gravitational microlensing as a probe for dark matter clumps
• Candidate high-redshift protoclusters and lensed galaxies in the Planck list of high-z sources overlapping with Herschel-SPIRE imaging
• Subhalo effective density slope measurements from HST strong lensing data with neural likelihood-ratio estimation
• Constraining VLBI-optical offsets in high redshift galaxies using strong gravitational lensing
• Rotation in Gravitational Lenses
• Simulating time-varying strong lenses
• Strong lensing, cosmology and lensing halos
• High-redshift microlensing and the spatial distribution of dark matter in the form of MACHOs
• Prospects for Detecting Gaps in Globular Cluster Stellar Streams in External Galaxies with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Pushing the Limits of Detectability: Mixed Dark Matter from Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Constraints on long-lived electrically charged massive particles from anomalous strong lens systems
• Gravitational Lensing of Anisotropic Sources
• Inferring subhalo effective density slopes from strong lensing observations with neural likelihood-ratio estimation
• Fold Lens Flux Anomalies: A Geometric Approach
• Substructures in lens galaxies: PG1115+080 and B1555+375, two fold configurations
• A joint microlensing analysis of lensing mass and accretion disc models
• Detectability of strongly lensed gravitational waves using model-independent image parameters
• Time evolution of gaps in stellar streams in axisymmetric Stäckel potentials
• Interlopers speak out: studying the dark universe using small-scale lensing anisotropies
• Isocurvature Fluctuations Induce Early Star Formation
• Science from an Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey
• Evidence for a Dusty Dark Dwarf Galaxy in the Quadruple Lens MG0414+0534
• Hydrodynamic Approach to the Evolution of Cosmic Structures II: Study of N-body Simulations at z=0
• Substructure and the Cusp and Fold Relations
• Anisotropic strong lensing as a probe of dark matter self-interactions
• Forward modelling of quasar light curves and the cosmological matter power spectrum on milliparsec scales
• Analytic approach to astrometric perturbations of critical curves by substructures
• An Unusual Transient in the Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxy SDSS J094332.35+332657.6 (Leoncino Dwarf)
• Do gravitational lens galaxies have an excess of luminous substructure?
• LensWatch. II. Improved Photometry and Time-delay Constraints on the Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky") with HST Template Observations
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- IV. Elliptical NFW Lenses and Hyperbolic Umbilics
• SHARP -- IX. The dense, low-mass perturbers in B1938+666 and J0946+1006: implications for cold and self-interacting dark matter
• Elliptical multipoles for gravitational lenses
• Weak Lensing by Minifilament or Minivoid as the Origin of Flux-ratio Anomalies in Lensed Quasar MG0414+0534
• CMB-HD: An Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey Over Half the Sky
• Prospects of observation of gravitationally lensed sources by space submillimeter telescopes
• The influence of baryons on low-mass haloes
• Constraining Dwarf Spheroidal Dark Matter Halos With The Galactic Center Excess
• Pixel-level modelling of group-scale strong lens CASSOWARY 19
• A VLA monitoring study of JVAS B1422+231: investigation of time delays and detection of extrinsic variability
• A forward-modelling method to infer the dark matter particle mass from strong gravitational lenses
• Measurement of Substructure from the Kinematics of the GD-1 Stellar Stream
• Probing Binary Lens Caustics with Gravitational Waves: A Uniform Approximation Approach
• Dark Matter Constituents
• Numerical Simulations of the Dark Universe: State of the Art and the Next Decade
• Subhalos are Anisotropically Distributed and Aligned with the Smooth Matter Distribution of Their Host Halos
• Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from collisional annihilation revisited
• Strong gravitational lensing with upcoming wide-field radio surveys
• Macromodel-free flux-ratio prediction in quadruply imaged quasars with local constraints from lensed arcs
• Dark halo densities, substructure, and the initial power spectrum
• The final candidate from the JVAS/CLASS search for 6 arcsec to 15 arcsec image separation lensing
• Cosmological Origin of Small-Scale Clumps and DM Annihilation Signal
• J0316+4328: a Probable "Asymmetric Double" Lens
• Semi-Analytic Modeling of Dark Matter Subhalo Encounters with Thin Stellar Streams: Statistical Predictions for GD-1-like Streams in CDM
• A compact group lens modeled with GIGA-Lens: Enhanced inference for complex systems
• Implications for the missing low-mass galaxies (satellites) problem from cosmic shear
• Investigation of mass substructure in gravitational lens system SDP.81 with ALMA long-baseline observations
• Cusped Mass Density Profiles and Magnification Ratios of Double Image Gravitational Lenses
• Search for strong galaxy-galaxy lensing in SDSS-III BOSS
• Lenses In VoicE (LIVE): Searching for strong gravitational lenses in the VOICE@VST survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• The dwarf low surface brightness population in different environments of the Local Universe
• Non-halo structures and their effects on gravitationally lensed galaxies
• Excess of substructure due to primordial black holes
• Ultra-High-Resolution Astronomy with the Solar Gravitational Lens
• SHARP VIII: J0924+0219 lens mass distribution and time-delay prediction through adaptive-optics imaging
• ALMA Measurement of 10 kpc-scale Lensing Power Spectra towards the Lensed Quasar MG J0414+0534
• Using strong lensing to understand the microJy radio emission in two radio quiet quasars at redshift 1.7
• Near-Field Cosmology with the Lowest-Mass Galaxies
• Probing Dark Matter with Strong Gravitational Lensing through an Effective Density Slope