LensWatch. II. Improved Photometry and Time-delay Constraints on the Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky") with HST Template Observations

Abstract

Strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) are a rare class of transient that can offer tight cosmological constraints that are complementary to methods from other astronomical events. We present a follow-up study of one recently-discovered strongly lensed SN, the quadruply-imaged Type Ia SN 2022qmx (aka, "SN Zwicky") at z = 0.3544. We measure updated, template-subtracted photometry for SN Zwicky and derive improved time delays and magnifications. This is possible because SNe are transient, fading away after reaching their peak brightness. Specifically, we measure point spread function (PSF) photometry for all four images of SN Zwicky in three Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/UVIS passbands (F475W, F625W, F814W) and one WFC3/IR passband (F160W), with template images taken $\sim 11$ months after the epoch in which the SN images appear. We find consistency to within $2\sigma$ between lens model predicted time delays ($\lesssim 1$ day), and measured time delays with HST colors ($\lesssim 2$ days), including the uncertainty from chromatic microlensing that may arise from stars in the lensing galaxy. The standardizable nature of SNe Ia allows us to estimate absolute magnifications for the four images, with images A and C being elevated in magnification compared to lens model predictions by about $6\sigma$ and $3\sigma$ respectively, confirming previous work. We show that millilensing or differential dust extinction is unable to explain these discrepancies and find evidence for the existence of microlensing in images A, C, and potentially D, that may contribute to the anomalous magnification.

published in ApJ, 13 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (32)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• astroquery: An Astronomical Web-Querying Package in Python
• H0LiCOW V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE0435-1223: $H_0$ to 3.8% precision from strong lensing in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model
• Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
• lenstronomy II: A gravitational lensing software ecosystem
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• Absolute-Magnitude Distributions of Supernovae
• Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal's reappearance
• Using Jupyter for reproducible scientific workflows
• Microlensing Makes Lensed Quasar Time Delays Significantly Time Variable
• Detection of the Gravitational Lens Magnifying a Type Ia Supernova
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. IV. : Smooth Lens Models for the BELLS GALLERY Sample
• Strong lensing time-delay cosmography in the 2020s
• Microlensing of Lensed Supernovae
• Turning Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae into Cosmological Probes
• Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky
• Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae
• Interpreting the strongly lensed supernova iPTF16geu: time delay predictions, microlensing, and lensing rates
• The Hubble constant from strongly lensed supernovae with standardizable magnifications
• Improved time-delay lens modelling and $H_0$ inference with transient sources
• A Revised SALT2 Surface for Fitting Type Ia Supernova Light Curves
• Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
• JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z=2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models
• SALT3-NIR: Taking the Open-Source Type Ia Supernova Model to Longer Wavelengths for Next-Generation Cosmological Measurements
• High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A1689
• JWST Photometric Time-Delay and Magnification Measurements for the Triply-Imaged Type Ia "Supernova H0pe" at z = 1.78
• The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal: Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
• LensWatch: I. Resolved HST Observations and Constraints on the Strongly-Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky")
• Microlensing and the type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
• A targeted search for strongly lensed supernovae with the Las Cumbres Observatory
• GausSN: Bayesian Time-Delay Estimation for Strongly Lensed Supernovae

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Faster than SAM: An empirical model for the tidal evolution of dark matter substructure around strong gravitational lenses
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe