X-Ray and Optical Flux Ratio Anomalies in Quadruply Lensed Quasars: I. Zooming in on Quasar Emission Regions
arXiv:astro-ph/0607655 · doi:10.1086/512115
Abstract
X-ray and optical observations of quadruply lensed quasars can provide a microarcsecond probe of the lensed quasar, corresponding to scale sizes of \~10^2-10^4 gravitational radii of the central black hole. This high angular resolution is achieved by taking advantage of microlensing by stars in the lensing galaxy. In this paper we utilize X-ray observations of ten lensed quasars recorded with the Chandra X-ray Observatory as well as corresponding optical data obtained with either the Hubble Space Telescope or ground-based optical telescopes. These are analyzed in a systematic and uniform way with emphasis on the flux-ratio anomalies that are found relative to the predictions of smooth lens models. A comparison of the flux ratio anomalies between the X-ray and optical bands allows us to conclude that the optical emission regions of the lensed quasars are typically larger than expected from basic thin disk models by factors of ~3-30.
11 pages, accepted to ApJ, expanded discussion of the analysis of the flux ratios and how they constrain the quasar emission regions
References in corpus (4)
- Probing the Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies Using Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Hosts
- A Strong X-Ray Flux Ratio Anomaly in the Quadruply Lensed Quasar PG 1115+080
- Microlensing of the Lensed Quasar SDSS0924+0219
- Multi-wavelength study of the gravitational lens system RXS J113155.4-123155: I. Multi-epoch optical and near infrared imaging
Cited by in corpus (148)
- What Drives the Growth of Black Holes?
- Strong Lensing by Galaxies
- The Quasar Accretion Disk Size - Black Hole Mass Relation
- The Quasar Accretion Disk Size -- Black Hole Mass Relation
- The Mass Distribution of SDSS J1004+4112 Revisited
- The Radiative Efficiency of Accretion Flows in Individual AGN
- Innovations in the Analysis of Chandra-ACIS Observations
- Understanding caustic crossings in giant arcs: characteristic scales, event rates, and constraints on compact dark matter
- The Sizes of the X-ray and Optical Emission Regions of RXJ1131-1231
- The Masses and Spins of Neutron Stars and Stellar-Mass Black Holes
- Sizes and Temperature Profiles of Quasar Accretion Disks from Chromatic Microlensing
- Quasar Accretion Disks Are Strongly Inhomogeneous
- Black Hole Based Tests of General Relativity
- X-ray Microlensing in RXJ1131-1231 and HE1104-1805
- Microlensing-Based Estimate of the Mass Fraction in Compact Objects in Lens
- On the size and location of the X-ray emitting coronae around black holes
- The Spatial Structure of An Accretion Disk
- The Microlensing Properties of a Sample of 87 Lensed Quasars
- A New Channel for Detecting Dark Matter Substructure in Galaxies: Gravitational Lens Time Delays
- Binary Quasars at High Redshift I: 24 New Quasar Pairs at z ~ 3-4
- Microlensing of the broad line region in 17 lensed quasars
- The Structure of the X-ray and Optical Emitting Regions of the Lensed Quasar Q 2237+0305
- Microlensing variability in the gravitationally lensed quasar QSO 2237+0305 = the Einstein Cross. II. Energy profile of the accretion disk
- X-Ray and Optical Microlensing in the Lensed Quasar PG 1115+080
- A new physical interpretation of optical and infrared variability in quasars
- The stellar and dark matter distributions in elliptical galaxies from the ensemble of strong gravitational lenses
- Further Evidence that Quasar X-Ray Emitting Regions Are Compact: X-Ray and Optical Microlensing in the Lensed Quasar Q J0158-4325
- Gravitationally Lensed Quasars in Gaia: II. Discovery of 24 Lensed Quasars
- Line driven winds and the UV turnover in AGN accretion discs
- The multiple quasar Q2237+0305 under a microlensing caustic
- Intensive disc-reverberation mapping of Fairall 9: 1st year of Swift & LCO monitoring
- A microlensing study of the accretion disc in the quasar MG 0414+0534
- A calibration of the stellar mass fundamental plane at z ~ 0.5 using the micro-lensing induced flux ratio anomalies of macro-lensed quasars
- A Robust Determination of the size of quasar accretion disks using gravitational microlensing
- The Average Size and Temperature Profile of Quasar Accretion Disks
- Gravitational Lensing Size Scales for Quasars
- Dynamics of warped accretion discs
- The UV peak in Active Galactic Nuclei : a false continuum from blurred reflection ?
- Microlensing Evidence That A Type 1 Quasar Is Viewed Face On
- The accretion disc in the quasar SDSS J0924+0219
- The Dark-Matter Fraction in the Elliptical Galaxy Lensing the Quasar PG1115+080
- A Total Molecular Gas Mass Census in z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies: Low-J CO Excitation Probes of Galaxies' Evolutionary States
- Weak Hard X-ray Emission from Two Broad Absorption Line Quasars Observed with NuSTAR: Compton-thick Absorption or Intrinsic X-ray Weakness?
- Galactic nuclei evolution with spinning black holes: method and implementation
- Revealing the Structure of an Accretion Disk Through Energy Dependent X-ray Microlensing
- The Transverse Peculiar Velocity of the Q2237+0305 Lens Galaxy and the Mean Mass of Its Stars
- X-Ray And Optical Flux Ratio Anomalies In Quadruply Lensed Quasars. II. Mapping the Dark Matter Content in Elliptical Galaxies
- Signatures of LCDM substructure in tidal debris
- Accretion onto Stars in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
- A Consistent Picture Emerges: A Compact X-ray Continuum Emission Region in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar SDSS J0924+0219
- Accretion Disk Sizes from Continuum Reverberation Mapping of AGN Selected from the ZTF Survey
- Measuring the Innermost Stable Circular Orbits of Supermassive Black Holes
- A Study of Gravitational Lens Chromaticity using Ground-based Narrow Band Photometry
- Measuring Microlensing using Spectra of Multiply Lensed Quasars
- The Optical, Ultraviolet, and X-ray Structure of the Quasar HE 0435-1223
- Reflection From the Strong Gravity Regime in a z=0.658 Gravitationally Lensed-Quasar
- Computational advances in gravitational microlensing: a comparison of CPU, GPU, and parallel, large data codes
- Simultaneous Estimation of Time Delays and Quasar Structure
- Accretion Disk Size Measurement and Time Delays in the Lensed Quasar WFI 2033-4723
- The Structure of HE 1104-1805 from Infrared to X-Ray
- A microlensing measurement of dark matter fractions in three lensing galaxies
- First lensed quasar systems from the VST-ATLAS survey: one quad, two doubles and two pairs of lensless twins
- Substructure Lensing: Effects of Galaxies, Globular Clusters & Satellite Streams
- Multiple Images and Flux Ratio Anomaly of Fuzzy Gravitational Lenses
- Ultraviolet variability of quasars: dependence on the accretion rate
- Spitzer observations of a gravitationally lensed quasar, QSO 2237+0305
- Probing the Broad Line Region and the Accretion Disk in the Lensed Quasars HE0435-1223, WFI2033-4723, and HE2149-2745 using Gravitational Microlensing
- Differential X-ray Absorption and Dust-To-Gas Ratios of the Lens Galaxies SBS0909+523, FBQS0951+2635, and B1152+199
- Star Formation in Quasar Disk
- Quasar Microlensing Variability Studies Favor Shallow Accretion Disk Temperature Profiles
- Time Delay and Accretion Disk Size Measurements in the Lensed Quasar SBS 0909+532 from Multiwavelength Microlensing Analysis
- Constraints on the temperature inhomogeneity in quasar accretion discs from the ultraviolet-optical spectral variability
- Highlights and Discoveries from the Chandra X-ray Observatory
- Structure of the Accretion Disk in the Lensed Quasar Q2237+0305 from Multi-Epoch and Multi-Wavelength Narrow Band Photometry
- SDSS J09094449: A Large-separation Strongly Lensed Quasar at with Three Images
- Strong Chromatic Microlensing in HE0047-1756 and SDSS1155+6346
- HST imaging of four gravitationally lensed quasars
- Near-Infrared K and L' Flux Ratios in Six Lensed Quasars
- The LSST era of supermassive black holes accretion-disk reverberation mapping
- Reconciling the Quasar Microlensing Disc Size Problem with a Wind Model of Active Galactic Nucleus
- Disparate MgII Absorption Statistics towards Quasars and Gamma-Ray Bursts : A Possible Explanation
- Size of the accretion disk in the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 from the statistics of microlensing magnifications
- A Microlensing Accretion Disk Size Measurement in the Lensed Quasar WFI 2026-4536
- A New Microlensing Event in the Doubly-Imaged Quasar Q0957+561
- Microlensing of the broad emission lines in 27 gravitationally lensed quasars. Broad line region structure and kinematics
- HE 1113-0641: The Smallest Separation Gravitational Lens Identified by a Ground-based Optical Telescope
- Confirmation of Planet-Mass Objects in Extragalactic Systems
- GERLUMPH Data Release 2: 2.5 billion simulated microlensing light curves
- Optical continuum photometric reverberation mapping of the Seyfert-1 galaxy Mrk509
- The Effect of a Time-Varying Accretion Disk Size on Quasar Microlensing Light Curves
- Nustar Measurement Of Coronal Temperature In Two Luminous, High Redshift Qsos
- Gravitational lens system SDSS J1339+1310: microlensing factory and time delay
- Microlensing of Quasar UV Iron Emission
- Mid-infrared microlensing of accretion disc and dusty torus in quasars: effects on flux ratio anomalies
- Accretion Disk Temperatures of QSOs: Constraints from the Emission Lines
- Resolving the Inner Structure of QSO Discs by Fold Caustic Crossing Events
- H-AMR FORGE'd in FIRE I: Magnetic state transitions, jet launching and radiative emission in super-Eddington, highly magnetized quasar disks formed from cosmological initial conditions
- Estimate of the Accretion Disk Size in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar HE 0435-1223 using Microlensing Magnification Statistics
- Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561: I. Accretion disk size
- On the UV/optical variation in NGC 5548: new evidence against the reprocessing diagram
- Suzaku Observations of Three FeLoBAL QSOs, SDSS J0943+5417, J1352+4239, and J1723+5553
- Near infrared and optical continuum emission region size measurements in the gravitationally lensed quasars Q0957+561 and SBS0909+532
- Microlensing Evidence for Super-Eddington Disc Accretion in Quasars
- Constraints on accretion disk size in the massive type 1 quasar PG 2308+098 from optical continuum reverberation lags
- Estimating reddening of the continuum and broad-line region of active galactic nuclei: the mean reddening of NGC 5548 and the size of the accretion disc
- The preferentially magnified active nucleus in IRAS F10214+4724 - III. VLBI observations of the radio core
- Q2237+0305 source structure and dimensions from light curves simulation
- Smoke on the water: CO and H2O in a circumnuclear disc around a quasar at redshift 2.64
- Evidence for a milliparsec-separation Supermassive Binary Black Hole with quasar microlensing
- Microlensing Analysis for the gravitational lens systems SDSS0924+0219, Q1355-2257, and SDSS1029+2623
- The effect of macromodel uncertainties on microlensing modelling of lensed quasars
- Identifying Anomalies in Gravitational Lens Time Delays
- Broadband X-ray/UV/optical time-resolved spectroscopy of NGC 5548: The origin of the UV/optical variability in active galactic nuclei
- The Chandra view of the Largest Quasar Lens SDSS J1029+2623
- Molecular Gas Kinematics and Star Formation Properties of the Strongly-Lensed Quasar Host Galaxy RXS J1131-1231
- X-ray illuminated accretion discs and quasar microlensing disc sizes
- PG 1115+080: variations of the A2/A1 flux ratio and new values of the time delays
- Modeling quasar accretion disc temperature profiles
- Water vapour at high redshift: Arecibo monitoring of the megamaser in MG J0414+0534
- Resolving the Vicinity of Supermassive Black Holes with Gravitational Microlensing
- Revealing the nonlinear behaviour of the lensed quasar Q0957+561
- High-redshift microlensing and the spatial distribution of dark matter in the form of MACHOs
- Abundance of LIGO/Virgo Black Holes from Microlensing Observations of Quasars with Reverberation Mapping Size Estimates
- Another Quadruply Lensed Quasar from the VST-ATLAS Survey
- A joint microlensing analysis of lensing mass and accretion disc models
- Testing the Completeness of the SDSS Colour Selection for Ultramassive, Slowly Spinning Black Holes
- Fold Lens Flux Anomalies: A Geometric Approach
- Impact of Microlensing on Observational Strategies for Gravitational Time Delay Measurements
- Constraining Quasar Relativistic Reflection Regions and Spins with Microlensing
- Chromatic Microlensing Time Delays
- Limiting the Abundance of LIGO/Virgo Black Holes with Microlensing Observations of Quasars of Finite Size
- First black hole mass estimation for the quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008
- Structure function of the UV variability of Q0957+561
- Effects of Radiation Field Geometry on Line Driven Disc Winds
- Gaia GraL: Gaia DR2 Gravitational Lens Systems. VII. XMM-Newton Observations of Lensed Quasars
- Super-Eddington accretion in the Q2237+0305 quasar?
- Scalable and Robust Multiband Modeling of AGN Light Curves in Rubin-LSST
- Detection for Intermediate-mass Binary Black Holes in Population III Star Clusters with TianQin
- Cosmological nanolensing by dense gas clouds
- Apparent quasar disc sizes in the "bird's nest" paradigm
- Amoeba: An AGN Model of Optical Emissions Beyond steady-state Accretion discs
- Gravitationally lensed QSOs in the ISSIS/WSO-UV era
- Multiphase Powerful Outflows Detected in High-z Quasars
- Stellar masses calibrated with micro-lensed quasars
- A method for the microlensed flux variance of QSOs
- Quasar Microlensing Models with Constraints on the Quasar Light Curves
- "Worst-Case" Micro-Lensing in the Identification and Modeling of Lensed Quasars
- Long term Arecibo monitoring of the water megamaser in MG J0414+0534