Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter Candidates

Abstract

We review the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) and their possible contribution to dark matter. Various constraints suggest they could only provide most of it in the mass windows $10^{17}$ - $10^{23}$g or $10$ - $10^2{M}_{\odot }$, with the last possibility perhaps being suggested by the LIGO/Virgo observations. However, PBHs could have important consequences even if they have a low cosmological density. Sufficiently large ones might generate cosmic structures and provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ could also be an interesting dark component.

56 pages, 16 figures, 265 references; Published in SciPost Physics Lecture Notes, Les Houches Summer School Series. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.02838

References in corpus (47)

• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M${}_{\odot }$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M${}_{\odot }$ Compact Object
• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Limits on the Macho Content of the Galactic Halo from the EROS-2 Survey of the Magellanic Clouds
• Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• CMB Constraints on WIMP Annihilation: Energy Absorption During the Recombination Epoch
• Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes
• The merger rate of primordial-black-hole binaries
• Effect of Primordial Black Holes on the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmological Parameter Estimates
• Constraints on Earth-mass primordial black holes from OGLE 5-year microlensing events
• CMB bounds on disk-accreting massive Primordial Black Holes
• The Threshold for Primordial Black Hole Formation: a Simple Analytic Prescription
• Microlensing and dynamical constraints on primordial black hole dark matter with an extended mass function
• Primordial Black Holes Confront LIGO/Virgo data: Current situation
• The end of the MACHO era- revisited: new limits on MACHO masses from halo wide binaries
• The GW190521 Mass Gap Event and the Primordial Black Hole Scenario
• Constraints on the induced gravitational wave background from primordial black holes
• On the Reported Death of the MACHO Era
• Testing scenarios of primordial black holes being the seeds of supermassive black holes by ultracompact minihalos and CMB $\mu$-distortions
• Solving puzzles of GW150914 by primordial black holes
• The Clustering Evolution of Primordial Black Holes
• Inhomogeneous baryogenesis, cosmic antimatter, and dark matter
• Primordial black holes as biased tracers
• Primordial black holes from scalar field evolution in the early universe
• Signatures of non-gaussianity in the isocurvature modes of primordial black hole dark matter
• X-ray and Ultraviolet Properties of AGN in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies
• Constraints on Stupendously Large Black Holes
• Limits on the Mass and Abundance of Primordial Black Holes from Quasar Gravitational Microlensing
• Dark Matter Density Spikes around Primordial Black Holes
• Black Holes and WIMPs: All or Nothing or Something Else
• Survivability of planetary systems in young and dense star clusters
• Primordial Black Holes from Confinement
• Timescale of variation and the size of the accretion disc in active galactic nuclei
• The signature of primordial black holes in the dark matter halos of galaxies
• A new look at microlensing limits on dark matter in the Galactic halo
• The stochastic gravitational wave background from close hyperbolic encounters of primordial black holes in dense clusters
• Constraining Primordial Black Hole Fraction at the Galactic Centre using radio observational data
• Primordial black holes with mass $10^{16}-10^{17}$ g and reionization of the Universe
• On tidal capture of primordial black holes by neutron stars
• The OGLE View of Microlensing towards the Magellanic Clouds. II. OGLE-II SMC data
• Primordial black holes from cusp collapse on cosmic strings
• Primordial Black Holes: from Theory to Gravitational Wave Observations
• A common origin for baryons and dark matter

Cited by in corpus (93)

• A novel search for high-frequency gravitational waves with low-mass axion haloscopes
• Quantum Schwarzschild geometry in effective-field-theory models of gravity
• PBH formation from spherically symmetric hydrodynamical perturbations: a review
• Primordial Black Holes
• Hybrid $\alpha$-attractors, primordial black holes and gravitational wave backgrounds
• Graviton detection and the quantization of gravity
• Primordial Gravitational Waves From Black Hole Evaporation in Standard and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• Status and perspectives of Continuous Gravitational Wave searches
• ALP Dark Matter in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Stochastic constant-roll inflation and primordial black holes
• Primordial black holes and gravitational waves induced by exponential-tailed perturbations
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. II. Non-time-radial-symmetric and loop quantum gravity-inspired metrics
• Quantum effects on the evaporation of PBHs: contributions to dark matter
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. I. Time-radial-symmetric metrics
• Primordial black hole dark matter from catastrogenesis with unstable pseudo-Goldstone bosons
• Limits on light primordial black holes from high-scale leptogenesis
• Highly asymmetric probability distribution from a finite-width upward step during inflation
• The Second Radio Synchrotron Background Workshop: Conference Summary and Report
• Light burden of memory: Constraining primordial black holes with high-energy neutrinos
• Formation of trapped vacuum bubbles during inflation, and consequences for PBH scenarios
• Signatures of primordial black holes in gravitational wave clustering
• Implications for primordial black holes from cosmological constraints on scalar-induced gravitational wave
• Numerical stochastic inflation constrained by frozen noise
• Sharp turns in axion monodromy: primordial black holes and gravitational waves
• Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos from Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial black holes from Higgs inflation with a Gauss-Bonnet coupling
• The cusp-core problem in gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Magnetogenesis with gravitational waves and primordial black hole dark matter
• Rogue worlds meet the dark side: revealing terrestrial-mass primordial black holes with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Primordial Black Hole Formation during a Strongly Coupled Crossover
• Non-Gaussianity effects on the primordial black hole abundance for sharply-peaked primordial spectrum
• Gravitational Wave Sourced by Decay of Massive Particle from Primordial Black Hole evaporation
• Impact of memory-burdened black holes on primordial gravitational waves in light of Pulsar Timing Array
• TeV Dark Matter Searches in the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Sky
• Primordial Black Hole Formation in Non-Standard Post-Inflationary Epochs
• Future Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from XGIS-THESEUS
• Multi-messenger Probes of Asteroid Mass Primordial Black Holes: Superradiance Spectroscopy, Hawking Radiation, and Microlensing
• Large Primordial Fluctuations in Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions
• Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to black holes being seeds of high-redshifted supermassive black holes
• Electron-target experiment constraints on light dark matter produced in primordial black hole evaporation
• Search for the Hawking radiation of primordial black holes: prospective sensitivity of LHAASO
• The evolution of a primordial binary black hole due to interaction with cold dark matter and the formation rate of gravitational wave events
• High-energy gamma-ray emission from memory-burdened primordial black holes
• Impact of memory-burdened primordial black holes on high-scale leptogenesis
• Influence of early dark matter halos on the primordial black holes merger rate
• Search for a gravitational wave background from primordial black hole binaries using data from the first three LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing runs
• Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data
• Axion-like particles from primordial black hole evaporation and their detection in neutrino experiments
• Constraining the impact of standard model phase transitions on primordial black holes
• Seeing dark matter via acceleration radiation
• Primordial black holes induced stochastic axion-photon oscillations in primordial magnetic field
• AEther as an Inevitable Consequence of Quantum Gravity
• An exact model for evaporating primordial black holes in cosmological space-time
• Primordial Black Hole Production in Natural and Hilltop Inflation
• Reviewing the prospect of fermion triplets as dark matter and source of baryon asymmetry in non-standard cosmology
• Extended mass distribution of PBHs during QCD phase transition: SGWB and mini-EMRIs
• Primordial Black Hole Formation in a Dust Bouncing Model
• Constraints on sub-terrestrial free-floating planets from Subaru microlensing observations
• The cosmological constant and scale hierarchies with emergent gauge symmetries
• Warm multi natural inflation
• Non-thermal WIMPy Baryogenesis with Primordial Black Hole
• Type Ia supernova constraints on compact object dark matter
• Thermal curvature perturbations in thermal inflation
• Dip and non-linearity in the curvature perturbation from inflation with a transient non-slow-roll stage
• Constraints on primordial black holes from interstellar dust temperature in the Galaxy
• Prospects for probing dark matter particles and primordial black holes with the Hongmeng mission using the 21 cm global spectrum at cosmic dawn
• The Impact of Dark Matter on Gravitational Wave Detection by Space-based Interferometers
• Primordial black holes save $R^2$ inflation
• Hawking Radiation Signatures from Primordial Black Holes Transiting the Inner Solar System: Prospects for Detection
• Gravitational Wave Resonance in Ultra-Light Dark Matter Halos
• Mechanical Sensors for Ultraheavy Dark Matter Searches via Long-range Forces
• Prospective sensitivity of CTAO on detection of evaporating primordial black holes
• Inflationary relics from an Ultra-Slow-Roll plateau
• Immortality through the dark forces: Dark-charge primordial black holes as dark matter candidates
• Conversion of protons to positrons by a black hole
• From oversimplified to overlooked: the case for exploring Rich Dark Sectors
• Bubbles kick off primordial black holes to form more binaries
• Detecting meV-Scale Dark Matter via Coherent Scattering with an Asymmetric Torsion Balance
• A trial to understand the supersymmetry relations through extension of the second quantized fermion and boson fields, either to strings or to odd dimensional spaces
• Hot primordial regions with anomalous hydrogenless chemical composition
• Gravitational waves from primordial black hole dominance: The effect of inflaton decay rate
• Prospects for Reconstructing the Free-floating Planet Mass Function at the Population Level with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Gamma-ray emission from primordial black hole-neutron star interaction
• Dust stars in the minimal exponential measure model
• Constraining primordial black hole abundance with Insight-HXMT
• Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: A BlackHawk tool
• Models of ultra-heavy dark matter visible to macroscopic mechanical sensing arrays
• Gravitational Waves from Hyperbolic Encounters of Primordial Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• The Sensitivity of PUEO to Cosmogenic Neutrinos and Exotic Physics Scenarios
• Stochastic Evolution of Primordial Black Holes to near-extremality in EFTs of Gravity
• A Faster Growth of Perturbations in an Early Matter Dominated Epoch: Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Antistars in the Galaxy
• Primordial black holes capture by stars and induced collapse to low-mass stellar black holes