Black Holes and WIMPs: All or Nothing or Something Else

Abstract

We consider constraints on primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $(10^{-18}\text{-}10^{15})M_{\odot }$ if the dark matter (DM) comprises weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which form halos around them and generate $\gamma$-rays by annihilations. We first study the formation of the halos and find that their density profile prior to WIMP annihilations evolves to a characteristic power-law form. Because of the wide range of PBH masses considered, our analysis forges an interesting link between previous approaches to this problem. We then consider the effect of the WIMP annihilations on the halo profile and the associated generation of $\gamma$-rays. The observed extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background implies that the PBH DM fraction is $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}^{}\lesssim 2\times 10^{-9}(m_{\chi }/\mathrm{TeV}{)}^{1.1}$ in the mass range $2\times 10^{-12}{M}_{\odot }(m_{\chi }/\mathrm{TeV}{)}^{-3.2}\lesssim M\lesssim 5\times 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }(m_{\chi }/\mathrm{TeV}{)}^{1.1}$, where $m_{\chi }$ and $M$ are the WIMP and PBH masses, respectively. This limit is independent of $M$ and therefore applies for any PBH mass function. For $M\lesssim 2\times 10^{-12}{M}_{\odot }(m_{\chi }/\mathrm{TeV}{)}^{-3.2}$, the constraint on $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}^{}$ is a decreasing function of $M$ and PBHs could still make a significant DM contribution at very low masses. We also consider constraints on WIMPs if the DM is mostly PBHs. If the merging black holes recently discovered by LIGO/Virgo are of primordial origin, this would rule out the standard WIMP DM scenario. More generally, the WIMP DM fraction cannot exceed $10^{-4}$ for $M>10^{-9}{M}_{\odot }$ and $m_{\chi }>10$GeV. There is a region of parameter space, with $M\lesssim 10^{-11}{M}_{\odot }$ and $m_{\chi }\lesssim 100$GeV, in which WIMPs and PBHs can both provide some but not all of the DM, so that one requires a third DM candidate.

15 pages, 4 figures and one table; Improved analysis with a much expanded appendix; updated reference list and minor details fixed; version resubmitted to journal

References in corpus (33)

• A Theory of Dark Matter
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
• Precise Relic WIMP Abundance and its Impact on Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology
• The Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived From First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data
• CMB Constraints on WIMP Annihilation: Energy Absorption During the Recombination Epoch
• Effect of Primordial Black Holes on the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmological Parameter Estimates
• Constraints on Earth-mass primordial black holes from OGLE 5-year microlensing events
• The Effect of Pair-Instability Mass Loss on Black Hole Mergers
• Very massive stars, pair-instability supernovae and intermediate-mass black holes with the SEVN code
• No large population of unbound or wide-orbit Jupiter-mass planets
• Neutralino with the Right Cold Dark Matter Abundance in (Almost) Any Supersymmetric Model
• Direct Detection of Hawking Radiation from Asteroid-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• The galaxy power spectrum take on spatial curvature and cosmic concordance
• Constraints on decaying dark matter from the extragalactic gamma-ray background
• Limits on the Mass and Abundance of Primordial Black Holes from Quasar Gravitational Microlensing
• Dark Matter Density Spikes around Primordial Black Holes
• Gamma-rays from ultracompact minihalos: potential constraints on the primordial curvature perturbation
• On mini-halo encounters with stars
• Ultra-cold WIMPs: relics of non-standard pre-BBN cosmologies
• In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes I: density profiles
• Timescale of variation and the size of the accretion disc in active galactic nuclei
• Stellar Disruption of Axion Miniclusters in the Milky Way
• Electromagnetic Signatures of Dark Photon Superradiance
• Kinetic decoupling of WIMPs: analytic expressions
• A tale of dark matter capture, sub-dominant WIMPs, and neutrino observatories
• NANOGrav Hints on Planet-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial Black Hole as a Source of the Boost Factor
• Boosting small-scale structure via primordial black holes and implications for sub-GeV dark matter annihilation

Cited by in corpus (43)

• Observational Evidence for Primordial Black Holes: A Positivist Perspective
• Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter Candidates
• Large-scale dark matter simulations
• Measuring the dark matter environments of black hole binaries with gravitational waves
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• PBH formation from spherically symmetric hydrodynamical perturbations: a review
• Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial black hole constraints with Hawking radiation -- a review
• Non-thermal Origin of Asymmetric Dark Matter from Inflaton and Primordial Black Holes
• In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes I: density profiles
• Measuring dark matter spikes around primordial black holes with Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. II. Non-time-radial-symmetric and loop quantum gravity-inspired metrics
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. I. Time-radial-symmetric metrics
• The Interplay between the Dark Matter Axion and Primordial Black Holes
• Ultralight Black Holes as Sources of High-Energy Particles
• Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter evaporating on the Neutrino Floor
• Dancing in the dark: detecting a population of distant primordial black holes
• Cogenesis of Baryon Asymmetry and Gravitational Dark Matter from Primordial Black Holes
• Halo Formation from Yukawa Forces in the Very Early Universe
• Lensing constraints on ultradense dark matter halos
• Revealing Dark Matter Dress of Primordial Black Holes by Cosmological Lensing
• Gravitational microlensing by dressed primordial black holes
• Smooth vs instant inflationary transitions: steepest growth re-examined and primordial black holes
• Gravitational wave microlensing by dressed primordial black holes
• Primordial black hole dark matter in the presence of p-wave WIMP annihilation
• European Spallation Source as a searching tool for an ultralight scalar field
• Impact of dark matter spikes on the merger rates of Primordial Black Holes
• Solar Mass Primordial Black Holes in Moduli Dominated Universe
• Axion star condensation around primordial black holes and microlensing limits
• The History of Primordial Black Holes
• Constraining the impact of standard model phase transitions on primordial black holes
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. III. Covariant canonical quantum gravity models
• Radio bounds on the mixed dark matter scenarios of primordial black holes and WIMPs
• Feasibility of Primordial Black Hole Remnants as Dark Matter in View of Hawking Radiation Recoil
• Improved Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilations Around Primordial Black Holes
• Evolution of the DM distribution function in the density spikes around PBHs
• Microlensing of dark matter models in the Milky Way
• Cosmological abundance of primordial black holes in mixed dark matter scenarios incorporating Kaluza-Klein dark matter
• Constraining the Coexistence of Freeze-in Dark Matter and Primordial Black Holes
• Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: A BlackHawk tool
• Hints of Dark Matter Spikes in Low-mass X-ray Binaries: a critical assessment
• In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
• Microscopic primordial black holes as macroscopic dark matter from large extra dimensions