Analytical thresholds for black hole formation in general cosmological backgrounds

Abstract

We consider black holes which form from an initially spherically symmetric super-Hubble perturbation of a cosmological background filled by a perfect fluid $p=w\rho$ with $w\in (0,1]$. Previous work has shown that when $w=1/3$ (radiation), there is a critical threshold for black hole formation (${\delta }_c$), which, to a very good approximation, only depends upon the curvature of the compaction function around its peak value. We find that this generalizes to all $w\gtrsim 1/3$; for smaller $w$s the knowledge of the full shape of the compaction function is necessary. We provide analytic approximations for ${\delta }_c$ which are accurate for $w\in [1/3,1]$.

19 pages and 15 figures. v2: small changes. Accepted for publication in JCAP

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