Pinning down the primordial black hole formation mechanism with gamma-rays and gravitational waves

Abstract

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are predicted in many models via different formation mechanisms. Identifying the origin of PBHs is of the same importance as probing their existence. We propose to probe the asteroid-mass PBHs [$\mathcal{O}(10^{17})\mathrm{g}\lesssim M\lesssim \mathcal{O}(10^{22})\mathrm{g}$] with gamma-rays from Hawking radiation and the stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) from the early Universe. We consider four concrete formation mechanisms, including collapse from primordial curvature perturbations, first-order phase transitions, or cosmic strings, and derive the extended PBH mass functions of each mechanism for phenomenological study. The results demonstrate that by combining gamma-rays and GW signals we can probe PBHs up to $\mathcal{O}(10^{19})\mathrm{g}$ and identify their physical origins.

18 pages + references. 10 figures and 1 table. To appear on JCAP

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• The Primordial Black Holes that Disappeared: Connections to Dark Matter and MHz-GHz Gravitational Waves
• Primordial black holes as dark matter: Interferometric tests of phase transition origin
• Realisation of the ultra-slow roll phase in Galileon inflation and PBH overproduction
• Recycled Dark Matter
• Large fluctuations and Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial black holes and curvature perturbations from false vacuum islands
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• Untangling PBH overproduction in $w$-SIGWs generated by Pulsar Timing Arrays for MST-EFT of single field inflation
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• Negative non-Gaussianity as a salvager for PBHs with PTAs in bounce
• Gravitational Wave Probe of Primordial Black Hole Origin via Superradiance
• Hawking Radiation of Nonrelativistic Scalars: Applications to Pion and Axion Production