Recent advances in cosmological singularities

Abstract

The discovery of universe's late-time acceleration and dark energy has overseen a great deal of research into cosmological singularities and in this brief review, we discuss all the prominent developments in this field for the best part of the last 2 decades. We discuss the fundamentals of space-time singularities after which we discuss about all the different forms of cosmological singularities which have been discovered in recent times in detail. We then talk about methods and techniques to avoid or moderate these singularities in various theories and discuss how these singularities can occur in non-conventional cosmologies too. We then discuss a useful dynamical systems approach to deal with these singularities and finish up with some outlooks for the field. We hope that this work serves as a good resource to anyone who wants to update themselves with the developments in this very exciting area.

Invited review for the Feature Articles 2023 of the Symmetry journal, invited by Prof. Sergei Odintsov. 60 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, 2 appendices (v2, abstract changed, references added)

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• Combining pre- and post-recombination new physics to address cosmological tensions: case study with varying electron mass and sign-switching cosmological constant
• Fractional Holographic Dark Energy
• Tsallis holographic dark energy with power law ansatz approach
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. III. Covariant canonical quantum gravity models
• A new approach to $P-V$ phase transitions: Einstein gravity and holographic type dark energy
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• New perspectives on future rip scenarios with holographic dark energy
• Cosmology of unimodular Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity
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• Game Theory in Cosmology
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• Einstein Frame Regularization of the JNW Spacetime: From Brans-Dicke Singularity to Ellis Wormhole
• A Spectrum of Cosmological Rips and Their Observational Signatures
• Thermodynamic Split Conjecture and an Observational Test for Cosmological Entropy
• Cosmological Implications of Thermodynamic Split Conjecture
• Future Dark Energy Constraints from Atomic Clocks
• Singularity Avoidance in Gravitational Collapse of an Inhomogeneous Fluid in Rastall Gravity