Prospects for joint multiband detection of intermediate-mass black holes by LGWA and the Einstein Telescope

Abstract

Gravitational-wave (GW) detection offers a novel approach to exploring intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). The GW signals from IMBH mergers mainly fall in the decihertz frequency band. The lunar-based GW detector, the Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna (LGWA), exhibits high sensitivity in this band, making it particularly well-suited for detecting IMBHs. However, for lower-mass IMBHs, the late inspiral and merger signals enter the sensitive frequency range of ground-based GW detectors. In this work, we aim to explore how multi-band observations with LGWA and the third-generation ground-based GW detector, the Einstein Telescope (ET), can contribute to detecting the population of IMBHs. We consider three population distribution cases of IMBHs, including two population models based on astrophysical motivations and a uniform distribution, and compute the signal-to-noise ratios for LGWA, ET, and their combination to directly compare their capabilities in detecting IMBH mergers. Our results suggest that LGWA possesses strong detection capability for high-mass IMBH mergers. At redshift $z=1$, LGWA's detection rate for IMBH binaries with primary masses above $5\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ is largely insensitive to orbital inclination and mass ratio. In contrast, ET is more suited for detecting IMBH binaries with primary masses below $10^3{M}_{\odot }$. The multi-band observation of LGWA and ET possesses strong detection capabilities across the full IMBH mass spectrum. Furthermore, we find that the multi-band detection can significantly and effectively recover the IMBH population distributions. In summary, we conclude that the multi-band observations of LGWA and ET will provide powerful detection capabilities for IMBHs and are expected to significantly enhance our understanding of this important yet still poorly observed class of black holes.

arXiv comment21 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in JCAP

References in corpus (128)

• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Advanced LIGO
• GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Properties of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
• GW170608: Observation of a 19-solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• Exploring the Sensitivity of Next Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• Searching for the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave background with the Chinese Pulsar Timing Array Data Release I
• Sensitivity Studies for Third-Generation Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Frequency-domain gravitational waves from non-precessing black-hole binaries. II. A phenomenological model for the advanced detector era
• Dark Energy after GW170817: dead ends and the road ahead
• Massive Black Holes as Population III Remnants
• Possibility of Direct Measurement of the Acceleration of the Universe Using 0.1 Hz Band Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Antenna in Space
• Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves
• INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational Wave Event GW170817
• Binary Black Hole Population Properties Inferred from the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Astrophysical Implications of the Binary Black-Hole Merger GW150914
• Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars From Multi-Messenger Observations of GW170817
• Frequency-domain gravitational waves from non-precessing black-hole binaries. I. New numerical waveforms and anatomy of the signal
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Detection, Measurement and Gravitational Radiation
• Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• An Intermediate-mass Black Hole of Over 500 Solar Masses in the Galaxy ESO 243-49
• The promise of multi-band gravitational wave astronomy
• Seven hints that early-time new physics alone is not sufficient to solve the Hubble tension
• First measurement of the Hubble constant from a dark standard siren using the Dark Energy Survey galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo binary-black-hole merger GW170814
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Inference of the cosmological parameters from gravitational waves: application to second generation interferometers
• Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3
• Tidal disruption and ignition of white dwarfs by moderately massive black holes
• Determination of Dark Energy by the Einstein Telescope: Comparing with CMB, BAO and SNIa Observations
• A gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant following the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Virgo
• A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant from GW170817 without the electromagnetic counterpart
• A 400 solar mass black hole in the Ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1 accreting close to its Eddington limit
• An intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Cosmological Inference using Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens: A Mock Data Challenge
• Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions
• Multiband Gravitational-Wave Astronomy: Observing binary inspirals with a decihertz detector, B-DECIGO
• Geometrical Expression for the Angular Resolution of a Network of Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Localization accuracy of compact binary coalescences detected by the third-generation gravitational-wave detectors and implication for cosmology
• Rates and Characteristics of Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals Detectable by Advanced LIGO
• Constraints on Interacting Dark Energy Models from the DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and DES Supernovae Data
• A statistical standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant from the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave compact object merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey galaxies
• Feedback by Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot }$
• Gravitational Waves and Intermediate-mass Black Hole Retention in Globular Clusters
• The Gravitational-Wave Physics II: Progress
• Multi-band gravitational-wave astronomy: parameter estimation and tests of general relativity with space and ground-based detectors
• Tidal Disruptions of White Dwarfs from Ultra-Close Encounters with Intermediate Mass Spinning Black Holes
• Optical Thermonuclear Transients From Tidal Compression of White Dwarfs as Tracers of the Low End of the Massive Black Hole Mass Function
• Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna
• Cosmology and dark energy from joint gravitational wave-GRB observations
• Detectability of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Multiband Gravitational Wave Astronomy
• A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time
• Dark Sirens to Resolve the Hubble-Lemaître Tension
• Observing intermediate-mass black holes and the upper--stellar-mass gap with LIGO and Virgo
• Exploring intermediate and massive black-hole binaries with the Einstein Telescope
• A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and the DESI Legacy Survey
• The Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy catalog approach for gravitational wave cosmology
• Forecast for cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard siren observation from the Cosmic Explorer
• Gravitational wave standard sirens and cosmological parameter measurement
• A Program for Multi-Messenger Standard Siren Cosmology in the Era of LIGO A+, Rubin Observatory, and Beyond
• Cosmological parameter estimation with future gravitational wave standard siren observation from the Einstein Telescope
• Parameterized and inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency tests of gravity with multi-band gravitational wave observations
• GWFish: A simulation software to evaluate parameter-estimation capabilities of gravitational-wave detector networks
• Prospects for improving cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard sirens from Taiji
• Measuring the Hubble constant: Gravitational wave observations meet galaxy clustering
• Improving cosmological parameter estimation with the future gravitational-wave standard siren observation from the Einstein Telescope
• Constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1% using multi-band dark standard siren detections
• How can gravitational-wave standard sirens and 21 cm intensity mapping jointly provide a precise late-universe cosmological probe?
• Multiband Observation of LIGO/Virgo Binary Black Hole Mergers in the Gravitational-wave Transient Catalog GWTC-1
• Systematic uncertainty of standard sirens from the viewing angle of binary neutron star inspirals
• Future Constraints on Dynamical Dark-Energy using Gravitational-Wave Standard Sirens
• Constraining the cosmological parameters using gravitational wave observations of massive black hole binaries and statistical redshift information
• Probing the sign-changeable interaction between dark energy and dark matter with DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data
• Synergy between CSST galaxy survey and gravitational-wave observation: Inferring the Hubble constant from dark standard sirens
• A preliminary forecast for cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard sirens from TianQin
• Hunting for the host galaxy groups of binary black holes and the application in constraining Hubble constant
• Multi-messenger Detection Rates and distributions of Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Their Cosmological Implications
• Cosmology with Standard Sirens at Cosmic Noon
• Tests of general relativity using multiband observations of intermediate mass binary black hole mergers
• Probing Intermediate Mass Black Holes With Optical Emission Lines from Tidally Disrupted White Dwarfs
• Gravitational-Wave Detector Networks: Standard Sirens on Cosmology and Modified Gravity Theory
• Prospects for measuring the Hubble constant and dark energy using gravitational-wave dark sirens with neutron star tidal deformation
• Prospect for constraining holographic dark energy with gravitational wave standard sirens from the Einstein Telescope
• Measuring the delay time distribution of binary neutron stars. II. Using the redshift distribution from third-generation gravitational wave detectors network
• Cross-correlating dark sirens and galaxies: constraints on $H_0$ from GWTC-3 of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
• Prospects for probing the interaction between dark energy and dark matter using gravitational-wave dark sirens with neutron star tidal deformation
• The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case
• Exploiting the Einstein Telescope to solve the Hubble tension
• Testing gravitational wave propagation with multiband detections
• Joint constraints on cosmological parameters using future multi-band gravitational wave standard siren observations
• Cosmology with the Einstein Telescope: No Slip Gravity Model and Redshift Specifications
• Eccentricity of Long Inspiraling Compact Binaries Sheds Light on Dark Sirens
• Multi-band gravitational wave astronomy: science with joint space- and ground-based observations of black hole binaries
• Prospects for constraining interacting dark energy models from gravitational wave and gamma ray burst joint observation
• An accurate method to determine the systematics due to the peculiar velocities of galaxies in measuring the Hubble constant from gravitational wave standard sirens
• Polarized primordial gravitational waves in spatial covariant gravities
• Multiband gravitational wave cosmology with stellar origin black hole binaries
• A comprehensive forecast for cosmological parameter estimation using joint observations of gravitational waves and short $\gamma$-ray bursts
• Cosmography with Standard Sirens from the Einstein Telescope
• The Eccentric and Accelerating Stellar Binary Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei: Observing in Ground and Space Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Neutron Star$-$Neutron Star and Neutron Star$-$Black Hole Mergers: Multiband Observations and Early Warnings
• Cosmic sign-reversal: non-parametric reconstruction of interacting dark energy with DESI DR2
• Mergers of supermassive and intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei from disruptions of star clusters
• Searching for modified gravity in the astrophysical gravitational wave background: Application to ground-based interferometers
• The Dark Side of Using Dark Sirens to Constrain the Hubble-Lemaître Constant
• Electromagnetic Follow-up Observations of Binary Neutron Star Mergers with Early Warnings from Decihertz Gravitational-wave Observatories
• Scope out multiband gravitational-wave observations of GW190521-like binary black holes with space gravitational wave antenna B-DECIGO
• Multiband gravitational wave observations of stellar binary black holes at the low to middle and high frequencies
• Model-independent $H_0$ within FLRW: Joint constraints from GWTC-3 standard sirens and strong lensing time delays
• Measuring the Hubble constant with coalescences of binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole: bright sirens \& dark sirens
• Standard siren cosmology in the era of the 2.5-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors: bright and dark sirens of LIGO Voyager and NEMO
• Opportunities and limits of lunar gravitational-wave detection
• Constraining the cosmic merger history of intermediate-mass black holes with gravitational wave detectors
• Improving the Cosmological Constraints by Inferring the Formation Channel of Extreme-mass-ratio Inspirals
• LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN
• Space-borne atom interferometric gravitational wave detections. Part II. Dark sirens and finding the one
• Rapid identification of time-frequency domain gravitational wave signals from binary black holes using deep learning
• Robust inference of gravitational wave source parameters in the presence of noise transients using normalizing flows
• Constraining the stochastic gravitational wave background using the future lunar seismometers
• Revisiting the phenomenologically emergent dark energy model: is non-zero equation of state of dark matter favored by DESI DR2?
• Revisiting holographic dark energy from the perspective of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy: future joint observations with short gamma-ray bursts
• Combining strongly lensed and unlensed fast radio bursts: To be a more precise late-universe probe
• Probing intermediate-mass black hole binaries with the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna
• Multi-messenger standard-siren cosmology for third-generation gravitational-wave detectors: forecasts considering observations of gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae