Polarized primordial gravitational waves in spatial covariant gravities

Abstract

The spatial covariant gravities provide a natural way to including odd-order spatial derivative terms into the gravitational action, which breaks the parity symmetry at gravitational sector. A lot of parity-violating scalar-tensor theories can be mapped to the spatial covariant framework by imposing the unitary gauge. This provides us with a general framework for exploring the parity-violating effects in primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the polarization of PGWs in the spatial covariant gravities and their possible observational effects. To this end, we first construct the approximate analytical solution to the mode function of the PGWs during the slow-roll inflation by using the uniform asymptotic approximation. With the approximate solution, we calculate explicitly the power spectrum and the corresponding circular polarization of the PGWs analytically. It is shown that the new contributions to power spectrum from spatial covariant gravities contain two parts, one from the parity-preserving terms and the other from the parity-violating terms. While the parity-preserving terms can only affect the overall amplitudes of PGWs, the parity-violating terms induce nonzero circular polarization of PGWs, i.e., the left-hand and right-hand polarization modes of GWs have different amplitudes. The observational implications of this nonzero circular polarization is also briefly discussed.

arXiv comment11 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.01580; v2: version to appear in PRD

References in corpus (90)

• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation
• The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts
• Cosmology and Fundamental Physics with the Euclid Satellite
• Signature of Gravity Waves in Polarization of the Microwave Background
• BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season
• A Probe of Primordial Gravity Waves and Vorticity
• Chern-Simons Modified General Relativity
• Cosmological Signature of New Parity-Violating Interactions
• Signals for Lorentz Violation in Post-Newtonian Gravity
• Chiral Primordial Gravitational Waves from a Lifshitz Point
• Power Spectrum of Primordial Inhomogeneity Determined from the 4-Year COBE DMR Sky Maps
• Circular Polarization of Primordial Gravitational Waves in String-inspired Inflationary Cosmology
• Testing local Lorentz invariance with gravitational waves
• Unifying framework for scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Hořava Gravity at a Lifshitz Point: A Progress Report
• Testing Parity-Violating Mechanisms with Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments
• Higher Curvature Corrections to Primordial Fluctuations in Slow-roll Inflation
• Probing polarization states of primordial gravitational waves with CMB anisotropies
• Beyond Lovelock gravity: Higher derivative metric theories
• Probing Primordial Gravitational Waves: Ali CMB Polarization Telescope
• Parity Violation in Graviton Non-gaussianity
• Hamiltonian analysis of spatially covariant gravity
• Cosmic Rulers
• Measuring a Parity Violation Signature in the Early Universe via Ground-based Laser Interferometers
• Anomalous CMB polarization and gravitational chirality
• Parity breaking signatures from a Chern-Simons coupling during inflation: the case of non-Gaussian gravitational waves
• Leptogenesis and tensor polarisation from a gravitational Chern-Simons term
• Waveform of gravitational waves in the general parity-violating gravities
• Large-Scale Structure with Gravitational Waves II: Shear
• First Season QUIET Observations: Measurements of CMB Polarization Power Spectra at 43 GHz in the Multipole Range 25 <= ell <= 475
• Signals for Lorentz violation in gravitational waves
• Primordial Gravitational Waves and Cosmology
• Polarization analysis of gravitational-wave backgrounds from the correlation signals of ground-based interferometers: measuring a circular-polarization mode
• Primordial Gravity Waves and Weak Lensing
• Large-Scale Structure and Gravitational Waves III: Tidal Effects
• Parity-violating gravity and GW170817
• The Inflationary Perturbation Spectrum
• Effects of parity violation on non-gaussianity of primordial gravitational waves in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity
• Polarizing primordial gravitational waves by parity violation
• Quest for circular polarization of gravitational wave background and orbits of laser interferometers in space
• Constraining gravitational wave amplitude birefringence and Chern-Simons gravity with GWTC-2
• Parity-Violating Gravity and GW170817 in Non-Riemannian Cosmology
• A simple parity violating gravity model without ghost instability
• Propagation of the gravitational waves in a cosmological background
• Measuring Parity Violation in the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with the LISA-Taiji network
• Polarized primordial gravitational waves in the ghost-free parity-violating gravity
• Waveform of gravitational waves in the ghost-free parity-violating gravities
• Tests of Gravitational-Wave Birefringence with the Open Gravitational-Wave Catalog
• Combined search for anisotropic birefringence in the gravitational-wave transient catalog GWTC-1
• Primordial Gravitational Waves from Galaxy Intrinsic Alignments
• Gravitational wave constraints on Lorentz and parity violations in gravity: high-order spatial derivative cases
• Gravitational-Wave Implications for the Parity Symmetry of Gravity at GeV Scale
• Constraints on the Nieh-Yan modified teleparallel gravity with gravitational waves
• Spatially covariant gravity with velocity of the lapse function: the Hamiltonian analysis
• Can weak lensing surveys confirm BICEP2 ?
• Tensor non-Gaussianity in chiral scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Testing chirality of primordial gravitational waves with Planck and future CMB data: no hope from angular power spectra
• Chirality of Gravitational Waves in Chern-Simons $f(R)$ Gravity Cosmology
• Inflationary cosmology with nonlinear dispersion relations
• Two- and Three-Dimensional Probes of Parity in Primordial Gravity Waves
• Search for the birefringence of gravitational waves with the third observing run of Advanced LIGO-Virgo
• New limits on the Lorentz/CPT symmetry through fifty gravitational-wave events
• Testing parity symmetry of gravity with gravitational waves
• Model-independent test of the parity symmetry of gravity with gravitational waves
• Possible consistent model of parity violations in the symmetric teleparallel gravity
• Tests of CPT invariance in gravitational waves with LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1
• Measuring Parity Asymmetry of Gravitational Wave Backgrounds with a Heliocentric Detector Network in the mHz Band
• Cross-Correlating Probes of Primordial Gravitational Waves
• Testing Lorentz Invariance of Gravity in the Standard Model Extension with GWTC-3
• Spatially covariant gravity: Perturbative analysis and field transformations
• Power spectra and spectral indices of $k$-inflation: high-order corrections
• Constructing analytical solutions of linear perturbations of inflation with modified dispersion relations
• Higher derivative scalar-tensor theory and spatially covariant gravity: the correspondence
• Post-Newtonian parameters of ghost-free parity-violating gravities
• Circularly polarized scalar induced gravitational waves from the Chern-Simons modified gravity
• Explicit spacetime-symmetry breaking and the dynamics of primordial fields
• Joint Observations of Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors: Source Localization and Implication for Parity-violating gravity
• An analytical approach to the field amplification and particle production by parametric resonance during inflation and reheating
• Resonance instability of primordial gravitational waves during inflation in Chern-Simons gravity
• Generation of gravitational waves in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity
• Probing parity-odd bispectra with anisotropies of GW $V$ modes
• Exploring the CPT violation and birefringence of gravitational waves with ground- and space-based gravitational-wave interferometers
• Inflationary perturbation spectrum in extended effective field theory of inflation
• Chiral gravitational effect in time-dependent backgrounds
• Primordial Gravitational Waves from Inflation and Preheating
• Langer Modification, Quantization condition and Barrier Penetration in Quantum Mechanics
• Inflation with exotic kinetic terms in Einstein-Chern-Simons gravity
• Scalar quadratic maximum likelihood estimators for the CMB cross power spectrum

Cited by in corpus (16)

• The Taiji-TianQin-LISA network: Precisely measuring the Hubble constant using both bright and dark sirens
• Gravitational wave constraints on spatial covariant gravities
• Gravitational Waveform and Polarization from Binary Black Hole Inspiral in Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity: From Generation to Propagation
• Gravitational wave constraints on non-birefringent dispersions of gravitational waves due to Lorentz violations with GWTC-3
• Polarized gravitational waves in the parity violating scalar-nonmetricity theory
• Gravitational Radiation from Eccentric Binary Black Hole System in Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in chiral scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Modified gravitational wave propagations in linearized gravity with Lorentz and diffeomorphism violations and their gravitational wave constraints
• Constraints on the ghost-free parity-violating gravity from Laser-ranged Satellites
• Scalar-induced gravitational waves in spatially covariant gravity
• Parity-violating corrections to the orbital precession of binary system
• Dynamics and gravitational radiation of binaries with spin precession and eccentricity in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity
• Prospects for joint multiband detection of intermediate-mass black holes by LGWA and the Einstein Telescope
• Spatially covariant gravity with two degrees of freedom in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field: Hamiltonian analysis
• Slowly rotating black hole in chiral scalar-tensor theory
• Constraining Lorentz and parity violations in gravity with multiband gravitational wave observations