New limits on the Lorentz/CPT symmetry through fifty gravitational-wave events

Abstract

Lorentz invariance plays a fundamental role in modern physics. However, tiny violations of the Lorentz invariance may arise in some candidate quantum gravity theories. Prominent signatures of the gravitational Lorentz invariance violation (gLIV) include anisotropy, dispersion, and birefringence in the dispersion relation of gravitational waves (GWs). Using a total of 50 GW events in the GW transient catalogs GWTC-1 and GWTC-2, we perform an analysis on the anisotropic birefringence phenomenon. The use of multiple events allows us to completely break the degeneracy among gLIV coefficients and globally constrain the coefficient space. Compared to previous results at mass dimensions 5 and 6 for the Lorentz-violating operators, we tighten the global limits of 34 coefficients by factors ranging from $2$ to $7$.

7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; accepted by ApJ

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• Search for anisotropic, birefringent spacetime-symmetry breaking in gravitational wave propagation from GWTC-3
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• Testing Lorentz Invariance of Gravity in the Standard Model Extension with GWTC-3
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• Constraints on parity and Lorentz violations in gravity from GWTC-3 through a parametrization of modified gravitational wave propagations
• Explicit spacetime-symmetry breaking and the dynamics of primordial fields
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• Astrophysical and Cosmological Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation
• New limits on the local Lorentz invariance violation of gravity in the Standard-Model Extension with pulsars
• Non-minimal Lorentz invariance violation in light of muon anomalous magnetic moment and long-baseline neutrino oscillation data
• Modified gravitational wave propagations in linearized gravity with Lorentz and diffeomorphism violations and their gravitational wave constraints
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• Primordial observables of explicit diffeomorphism violation in gravity