Measuring neutrino masses with joint JWST and DESI DR2 data

Abstract

Early JWST observations reveal an unexpectedly abundant population of high-redshift candidate massive galaxies at $z\gtrsim 7$, and recent DESI measurements show a preference for dynamical dark energy, which together present a significant challenge to the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. In this work, we jointly analyze high-redshift galaxy data from JWST, baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI DR2, and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck and ACT, measuring the total neutrino mass $\sum m_{\nu }$. We consider three dark energy models ($\Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM, and $w_0{w}_a$CDM) and three mass hierarchies. Our results indicate that in the $w_0{w}_a$CDM model, adding JWST data to CMB+DESI tightens the upper limit of $\sum m_{\nu }$ by about $5.8\%-10.2\%$, and we obtain $\sum m_{\nu }<0.167\mathrm{eV}$ ($2\sigma$) in the normal hierarchy (NH) case. Furthermore, JWST also offers indicative lower limits on star formation efficiency parameter of $f_{\ast ,10}\gtrsim 0.146-0.161$. Bayesian evidence weakly favors the $w_0{w}_a$CDM+$\sum m_{\nu }$(NH) model relative to the $\Lambda$CDM+$\sum m_{\nu }$(NH) model using CMB+DESI+JWST data. These results suggest that the joint analysis of high-redshift JWST data and low-redshift DESI data provides compelling constraints on neutrino mass and merits further investigation.

11 pages, 3 figures

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