Fractional Dark Matter decay: cosmological imprints and observational constraints

Abstract

If a fraction $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}$ of the Dark Matter decays into invisible and massless particles (so-called "dark radiation") with the decay rate (or inverse lifetime) ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{dcdm}}$, such decay will leave distinctive imprints on cosmological observables. With a full consideration of the Boltzmann hierarchy, we calculate the decay-induced impacts not only on the CMB but also on the redshift distortion and the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, while providing detailed physical interpretations based on evaluating the evolution of gravitational potential. By using the current cosmological data with a combination of Planck 2015, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and redshift distortion measurements which can improve the constraints, we update the $1\sigma$ bound on the fraction of decaying DM from $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\lesssim 5.26\%$ to $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\lesssim 2.73\%$ for the short-lived DM (assuming ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{dcdm}}/H_0\gtrsim 10^4$). However, no constraints are improved from RSD data ($f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\lesssim 0.94\%$) for the long-lived DM (i.e., ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{dcdm}}/H_0\lesssim 10^4$). We also find the fractional DM decay can only slightly reduce the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions, which is consistent with other previous works. Furthermore, our calculations show that the kSZ effect in future would provide a further constraining power on the decaying DM.

arXiv comment34 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in JCAP

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