Hints for a gravitational constant transition in Tully-Fisher data

Abstract

We use an up to date compilation of Tully-Fisher data to search for transitions in the evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation. Using an up to date data compilation, we find hints at $\approx 3\sigma$ level for a transition at critical distances $D_c\simeq 9Mpc$ and $D_c\simeq 17Mpc$. We split the full sample in two subsamples according to the measured galaxy distance with respect to a splitting distance $D_c$ and identify the likelihood of the best fit slope and intercept of one sample with respect to the best fit corresponding values of the other sample. For $D_c\simeq 9Mpc$ and $D_c\simeq 17Mpc$ we find a tension between the two subsamples at a level of $\Delta {\chi }^2>17(3.5\sigma )$. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation we demonstrate that this result is robust with respect to random statistical and systematic variations of the galactic distances. If the tension is interpreted as due to a gravitational strength transition, it would imply a shift of the effective gravitational constant to lower values for distances larger than $D_c$ by $\frac{\Delta G}{G}\simeq -0.1$. Such a shift is of the anticipated sign and magnitude but at somewhat lower distance (redshift) than the gravitational transition recently proposed to address the Hubble and growth tensions ($\frac{\Delta G}{G}\simeq -0.1$ at transition redshift $z_t\lesssim 0.01$ ($D_c\lesssim 40Mpc$)).

arXiv comment15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Added Monte Carlo simulation to compare real data with homogenized Monte Carlo dataset. Invited article published in Universe 2021, 7(10), 366 (https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/10/366). The numerical analysis files that were used for the reproduction of the figures may be downloaded from https://github.com/GeorgeAlestas/Tully_Fisher_Transition

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