New Test of the Gravitational $1/r^2$ Law at Separations down to 52 $\mu$m

Abstract

We tested the gravitational $1/r^2$ law using a stationary torsion-balance detector and a rotating attractor containing test bodies with both 18-fold and 120-fold azimuthal symmetries that simultaneously tests the $1/r^2$ law at two different length scales. We took data at detector-attractor separations between $52\mu$m and 3.0 mm. Newtonian gravity gave an excellent fit to our data, limiting with 95\% confidence any gravitational-strength Yukawa interactions to ranges $<38.6\mu$m.

5 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale
• Particle Physics Implications of a Recent Test of the Gravitational Inverse Square Law
• Improved constraints on non-Newtonian forces at 10 microns
• A New Apparatus for Detecting Micron-Scale Deviations from Newtonian Gravity

Cited by in corpus (124)

• Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum
• A new relativistic theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• Searching for new physics using optically levitated sensors
• Testing gravity with cold atom interferometry: Results and prospects
• The Dark Dimension and the Swampland
• Search for composite dark matter with optically levitated sensors
• Humanly traversable wormholes
• Using an atom interferometer to infer gravitational entanglement generation
• Beyond the Standard Model Explanations of GW190521
• Cornering the axion with CP-violating interactions
• Massive quantum systems as interfaces of quantum mechanics and gravity
• Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks
• Gravitationally induced decoherence vs space-time diffusion: testing the quantum nature of gravity
• Tests of general relativity in the nonlinear regime: a parametrized plunge-merger-ringdown gravitational waveform model
• $\Lambda$CDM Tensions: Localising Missing Physics through Consistency Checks
• The Phenomenology of Quadratically Coupled Ultra Light Dark Matter
• Measuring gravity by holding atoms
• Aspects of the Dark Dimension in Cosmology
• Causality Constraints on Black Holes beyond GR
• Particle Physics at the European Spallation Source
• Search for non-Newtonian interactions at micrometer scale with a levitated test mass
• Ultralight Fermionic Dark Matter
• Spin-dependent exotic interactions
• Entanglement based tomography to probe new macroscopic forces
• Prospects for observing gravitational forces between nonclassical mechanical oscillators
• How to form a wormhole
• Probing massless and massive gravitons via entanglement in a warped extra dimension
• Quantum entanglement of masses with non-local gravitational interaction
• From infinite to infinitesimal: Using the Universe as a dataset to probe Casimir corrections to the vacuum energy from fields inhabiting the dark dimension
• Continuum-Mediated Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Constraints on Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter with Quadratic Couplings
• Fuzzy Dark Matter and the Dark Dimension
• Next generation design and prospects for CANNEX
• Absolute neutrino mass and the Dirac/Majorana distinction from the weak interaction of aggregate matter
• CP-violating axion interactions in effective field theory
• The dark dimension, the Swampland, and the origin of cosmic rays beyond the GZK barrier
• Large extra dimensions from higher-dimensional inflation
• Probing New Physics with Long-Range Neutrino Interactions: An Effective Field Theory Approach
• Exact solutions of non-local gravity in a class of almost universal spacetimes
• Dark Matter Searches with Levitated Sensors
• MICROSCOPE's constraint on a short-range fifth force
• Wake forces in a background of quadratically coupled mediators
• Horndeski stars
• Neutrino forces in neutrino backgrounds
• Interaction between macroscopic quantum systems and gravity
• Does the Cosmological Constant really indicate the existence of a Dark Dimension?
• Leading bounds on micro- to picometer fifth forces from neutron star cooling
• Searching for Chameleon Dark Energy with Mechanical Systems
• Two Micron-Size Dark Dimensions
• Electrostatic effect due to patch potentials between closely spaced surfaces
• Gravity Mediated Entanglement between Oscillators as Quantum Superposition of Geometries
• Probing the Dark Dimension with Auger data
• Probing CP Violation in Photon Self-Interactions with Cavities
• Blowing in the Dark Matter Wind
• Testing gravity with the Milky Way: Yukawa potential
• Fundamental energy scale of the thick brane in mimetic gravity
• Elimination of the Blue Loops in the Evolution of Intermediate-mass Stars by the Neutrino Magnetic Moment and Large Extra Dimensions
• A Low-Frequency Torsion Pendulum with Interferometric Readout
• Bulk Black Hole Dark Matter
• A closer look at the $pp$-chain reaction in the Sun: Constraining the coupling of light mediators to protons
• Gravitational Positivity for Phenomenologists: Dark Gauge Boson in the Swampland
• Dark Dimension and the Effective Field Theory limit
• Fermion masses and mixings in the supersymmetric Pati-Salam landscape from Intersecting D6-Branes
• Short-range forces due to Lorentz-symmetry violation
• Quasinormal ringing of thick braneworlds with a finite extra dimension
• Gradient modification of Newtonian gravity
• Searching for New Interactions at Sub-micron Scale Using the Mossbauer Effect
• Primordial perturbations and inflation in holographic cosmology
• On neutrino-mediated potentials in a neutrino background
• Inflation with a class of concave inflaton potentials in Randall-Sundrum model
• Gravitational entanglement witness through Einstein ring image
• Nonlocal modification of the Kerr metric
• Lectures in Quantum Gravity
• The cosmological constant and scale hierarchies with emergent gauge symmetries
• Extra-dimensional axion patterns
• Diffuse X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Limits on Boson Stars that Interact with Nuclei
• Dust collapse and horizon formation in Quadratic Gravity
• Note on black holes with kilometer-scale ultraviolet regulators
• Axion sourcing in dense stellar matter via CP-violating couplings
• Search for Dark Matter Scattering from Optically Levitated Nanoparticles
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Non-interferometric rotational test of the Continuous Spontaneous Localisation model: enhancement of the collapse noise through shape optimisation
• Fermion Masses and Mixings in String Theory with Dirac Neutrinos
• Coleman-Weinberg dynamics of ultralight scalar dark matter and GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos
• QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants
• Fundamental Physics in 2025: Status, Decisive Targets, and Path Forward
• Searching for a Dark Dimension Right-handed Neutrino in KATRIN
• A trial to understand the supersymmetry relations through extension of the second quantized fermion and boson fields, either to strings or to odd dimensional spaces
• Detecting Nanometer-Scale New Forces with Coherent Neutron Scattering
• Axion Window on New Macroscopic Forces
• Minkowski spacetime and non-Ricci-flat compactification in heterotic supergravity
• Quantum Gravity Induced Entanglement of Masses With Extra Dimensions
• Entanglement witnesses mediated via axionLike particles
• Limits on scalar dark matter interactions with particles other than the photon via loop corrections to the scalar-photon coupling
• Mapping the Weak-Field Limit of Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• The dark dimension, proton decay, and the length of the M-theory interval
• Optomechanical vector sensing of new forces at 6 micron separation
• Demonstration of the minimal coupling of horizontal accelerations to rotations in a torsion balance suspended from three wires
• Sudden Decoherence by Resonant Particle Excitation for Testing Gravity-Induced Entanglement
• The Hierarchy Problem and $\mathcal{N}=2$ $\mathcal{D}=5$ Supergravity
• Can gravity mediate the transmission of quantum information?
• Measuring optical force with a torsion pendulum: a platform for independent student experimentation
• Microscopic composite systems bound by strong gravity in extra dimensions as candidates for dark matter
• Novel setup for detecting short-range anisotropic corrections to gravity
• The Dark Dimension, the Swampland, and the Dark Matter Fraction Composed of Primordial Black Holes
• Atom interferometers and a small-scale test of general relativity
• At the Edge of Uncertainty: Decoding the Cosmological Constant value with Bose-Einstein Distribution
• Tensor gauge fields and dark matter in general relativity with fermions
• Testing weakest force with coldest spot
• Resonant particle creation by a time-dependent potential in a nonlocal theory
• Gravitational waves from a binary source in higher dimensional spacetime with compactified extra dimensions
• The Roche-Lobe Radius in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Gravity
• Modified Newtonian dynamics and hadronic scales
• Effective scalaron--photon interaction in $f(R)$ gravity
• Nonlocal Gravity: Modification of Newtonian Gravitational Force in the Solar System
• Search for an exotic parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent interaction using a magnetic force microscope
• Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
• Parameterized Post-Newtonian Analysis of Quadratic Gravity and Solar System Constraints
• Superluminal propagation along the brane in space with extra dimensions
• Towards a String Realization of the Dark Dimension via T-folds
• Particle creation by a massless spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ field in a warped cosmological braneworld scenario
• Probing New Forces with Nuclear Clocks
• Theoretical and observational constraints on early dark energy in $F(R)$ gravity
• Dynamical measurements of deviations from Newton's $1/r^2$ law