The Dark Dimension, the Swampland, and the Dark Matter Fraction Composed of Primordial Black Holes

Abstract

Very recently, it was suggested that combining the Swampland program with the smallness of the dark energy and confronting these ideas to experiment lead to the prediction of the existence of a single extra-dimension (dubbed the dark dimension) with characteristic length-scale in the micron range. We show that the rate of Hawking radiation slows down for black holes perceiving the dark dimension and discuss the impact of our findings in assessing the dark matter fraction that could be composed of primordial black holes. We demonstrate that for a species scale of $\mathcal{O}(10^{10}\mathrm{GeV})$, an all-dark-matter interpretation in terms of primordial black holes should be feasible for masses in the range $10^{14}\le M_{BH}/\mathrm{g}\le 10^{21}$. This range is extended compared to that in the 4D theory by 3 orders of magnitude in the low mass region. We also show that PBHs with $M_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 10^{12}\mathrm{g}$ could potentially explain the well-known Galactic 511 keV gamma-ray line if they make up a tiny fraction of the total dark matter density.

16 pages, 2 figures, v3 agrees with the published version and contains one additional figure

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