Neutron Star Observations: Prognosis for Equation of State Constraints

Abstract

We investigate how current and proposed observations of neutron stars can lead to an understanding of the state of their interiors and the key unknowns: the typical neutron star radius and the neutron star maximum mass. A theoretical analysis of neutron star structure, including general relativistic limits to mass, compactness, and spin rates is made. We consider observations made not only with photons, ranging from radio waves to X-rays, but also those involving neutrinos and gravity waves. We detail how precision determinations of structural properties would lead to significant restrictions on the poorly understood equation of state near and beyond the equilibrium density of nuclear matter.

70 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Hans Bethe Centennial Physics Reports

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• Slowly rotating condensate dark stars beyond the mean-field approximation
• Measuring the crust-superfluid coupling time-scale for 105 UTMOST pulsars with a Kalman filter
• From Pauli Principle to Hypernucleus, Neutron Star, and Econophysics
• Recent applications of the subtracted second RPA method
• Bayesian Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State with a Smooth Hadron-Quark Crossover
• Binding energy of compact stars and their non-radial oscillations
• Axial-Vector and Tensor Spin Polarization and Chiral Restoration in Quark Matter
• Universal relation between dipole polarizability of finite nuclei and neutron-star compactness
• Neutron Star Equation of State with Nucleon Short-Range Correlations: A Concise Review and Open Issues
• European Spallation Source: a future for Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Scattering
• 1122 Hz rotation of XTE J1739-285 as a probe of quark matter in the interior of the neutron star
• Structure of hypernuclei in relativistic approaches