Experimental effects on dynamics and thermodynamics in nuclear reactions on the symmetry energy as seen by the CHIMERA 4$\pi$ detector

Abstract

Heavy ion collisions have been widely used in the last decade to constraint the parameterizations of the symmetry energy term of nuclear equation of state (EOS) for asymmetric nuclear matter as a function of baryonic density. In the Fermi energy domain one is faced with variations of the density within a narrow range of values around the saturation density ${\rho }_0$=0.16 fm${}^{-3}$ down towards sub-saturation densities. The experimental observables which are sensitive to the symmetry energy are constructed starting from the detected light particles, clusters and heavy fragments that, in heavy ion collisions, are generally produced by different emission mechanisms at different stages and time scales of the reaction. In this review the effects of dynamics and thermodynamics on the symmetry energy in nuclear reactions are discussed and characterized using an overview of the data taken so far with the CHIMERA multi-detector array.

21 pages, 25 figures. Review to appear in EPJA special volume on nuclear symmetry energy

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Cited by in corpus (22)

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• Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density
• Dynamics of clusters and fragments in heavy-ion collisions
• Nuclear dynamics and particle production near threshold energies in heavy-ion collisions
• On the nature of the mass-gap object in the GW190814 event
• The interplay of short-range correlations and nuclear symmetry energy in hard photon productions from heavy-ion reactions at Fermi energies
• Dynamical fission of the quasiprojectile and isospin equilibration for the system 80Kr+ 48 Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon
• Hyperonic neutron stars: reconciliation between nuclear properties and NICER and LIGO/VIRGO results
• Isospin dynamics on neck fragmentation in isotopic nuclear reactions
• Studies of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter by heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energy in the multi-messenger era
• Symmetry energy dependence of long timescale isospin transport
• Experimental study of the ${}^{40,48}$Ca+ ${}^{40,48}$Ca reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon
• Freeze-out configuration properties in the 197Au + 197Au reaction at 23 AMeV
• Characterization of the breakup channel in the asymmetric systems ${}^{40,48}$Ca+${}^{12}$C at 25 and 40 MeV/nucleon
• High Density with Elliptic Flows
• Revisiting the isospin relaxation time in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Experimental nuclear astrophysics in Italy
• Revisit to the yield ratio of triton and ${}^3$He as an indicator of neutron-rich neck emission
• Isospin effect in peripheral heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies
• Origins and Impacts of High-Density Symmetry Energy
• Violent Nuclear Reactions: Large-Amplitude Nuclear Dynamic Phenomena in Fermionic Systems
• Intermediate Mass Fragment Emission in ${}^{32}$S +${}^{51}$V, ${}^{109}$Ag, and ${}^{238}$U Collisions at E~=~31.6~MeV~A