Rotating proto-neutron stars: spin evolution, maximum mass and I-Love-Q relations

Abstract

Shortly after its birth in a gravitational collapse, a proto-neutron star enters in a phase of quasi-stationary evolution characterized by large gradients of the thermodynamical variables and intense neutrino emission. In few tens of seconds the gradients smooth out while the star contracts and cools down, until it becomes a neutron star. In this paper we study this phase of the proto-neutron star life including rotation, and employing finite temperature equations of state. We model the evolution of the rotation rate, and determine the relevant quantities characterizing the star. Our results show that an isolated neutron star cannot reach, at the end of the evolution, the maximum values of mass and rotation rate allowed by the zero-temperature equation of state. Moreover, a mature neutron star evolved in isolation cannot rotate too rapidly, even if it is born from a proto-neutron star rotating at the mass-shedding limit. We also show that the I-Love-Q relations are violated in the first second of life, but they are satisfied as soon as the entropy gradients smooth out.

arXiv comment15 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables; minor changes, and extended discussion on the I-Love-Q relations

References in corpus (46)

• The equation of state for nucleon matter and neutron star structure
• Neutron Star Observations: Prognosis for Equation of State Constraints
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• Presupernova Evolution of Differentially Rotating Massive Stars Including Magnetic Fields
• Birth and Evolution of Isolated Radio Pulsars
• Evolution of Protoneutron Stars
• I-Love-Q Relations in Neutron Stars and their Applications to Astrophysics, Gravitational Waves and Fundamental Physics
• I-Love-Q
• Protoneutron star evolution and the neutrino driven wind in general relativistic neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations
• The r-mode instability in rotating neutron stars
• Three-dimensional neutrino-driven supernovae: Neutron star kicks, spins, and asymmetric ejection of nucleosynthesis products
• Pulsar spins from an instability in the accretion shock of supernovae
• Gravitational waves from instabilities in relativistic stars
• Proto-Neutron and Neutron Stars in a Chiral SU(3) Model
• Gravitational wave asteroseismology of fast rotating neutron stars with realistic equations of state
• The Spin Periods and Rotational Profiles of Neutron Stars at Birth
• General-Relativistic Simulations of Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Equation-of-state-independent relations in neutron stars
• Gravitational waves from newly born, hot neutron stars
• Evolution of Proto-Neutron Stars with Quarks
• Proto-Neutron Star Cooling with Convection: The Effect of the Symmetry Energy
• Revising the multipole moments of numerical spacetimes, and its consequences
• Structure and deformations of strongly magnetized neutron stars with twisted torus configurations
• Evolution of Proto-Neutron stars with kaon condensates
• Effective No-Hair Relations for Neutron Stars and Quark Stars: Relativistic Results
• Effectively universal behavior of rotating neutron stars in general relativity makes them even simpler than their Newtonian counterparts
• I-Q relation for rapidly rotating neutron stars
• Breakdown of I-Love-Q universality in rapidly rotating relativistic stars
• The influence of model parameters on the prediction of gravitational wave signals from stellar core collapse
• On the universality of I-Love-Q relations in magnetized neutron stars
• Fully General Relativistic Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae with An Approximate Neutrino Transport
• Correlated Gravitational Wave and Neutrino Signals from General-Relativistic Rapidly Rotating Iron Core Collapse
• Initial spin periods of neutron stars in supernova remnants
• Relations Between Neutron-Star Parameters in the Hartle-Thorne Approximation
• Inferring Core-Collapse Supernova Physics with Gravitational Waves
• A New Code for Proto-Neutron Star Evolution
• Approximate Matching of Analytic and Numerical Solutions for Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars
• Evolutionary sequences of rotating protoneutron stars
• Three-Hair Relations for Rotating Stars: Nonrelativistic Limit
• Perturbative approach to the structure of rapidly rotating neutron stars
• Stochastic background of gravitational waves emitted by magnetars
• The maximum and minimum mass of protoneutron stars in the Brueckner theory
• Induced Rotation in 3D Simulations of Core Collapse Supernovae: Implications for Pulsar Spins
• Oscillations of hot, young neutron stars: Gravitational wave frequencies and damping times
• Dynamical bar-mode instability in rotating and magnetized relativistic stars
• Non-adiabatic oscillations of compact stars in general relativity

Cited by in corpus (47)

• Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations
• Approximate Universal Relations for Neutron Stars and Quark Stars
• Maximum mass, moment of inertia and compactness of relativistic stars
• Rotating Stars in Relativity
• Tidal Love numbers of a slowly spinning neutron star
• Tidal deformability and I-Love-Q relations for gravastars with polytropic thin shells
• A new temperature dependent hyperonic equation of state: application to rotating neutron star models and I-Q-relations
• I-Love-Q relations for a gravastar and the approach to the black-hole limit
• Heavy Baryons in Compact Stars
• Inferring neutron star properties from GW170817 with universal relations
• Dark stars: gravitational and electromagnetic observables
• Proto-neutron stars with heavy baryons and universal relations
• Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors. II. Formation of protomagnetars and collapsars
• I-Love-Q anisotropically: Universal relations for compact stars with scalar pressure anisotropy
• Extreme Matter meets Extreme Gravity: Ultra-heavy neutron stars with crossovers and first-order phase transitions
• Probing the Internal Composition of Neutron Stars with Gravitational Waves
• Maximum mass of compact stars from gravitational wave events with finite-temperature equations of state
• Multipole moments in scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• EoS for hot neutron stars
• Toward Realistic and Practical No-Hair Relations for Neutron Stars in the Non-Relativistic Limit
• Improved Universality in the Neutron Star Three-Hair Relations
• Moment of inertia, quadrupole moment, Love number of neutron star and their relations with strange matter equations of state
• Moment of inertia - mass universal relations for neutron stars in scalar-tensor theory with self-interacting massive scalar field
• Universal Relations and Alternative Gravity Theories
• Universal relations for compact stars with heavy baryons
• An accurate metric for the spacetime around neutron stars
• The I-Love-Q Relations for Superfluid Neutron Stars
• Thermodynamics of Hot Neutron Stars and Universal Relations
• An Entropy-Area Law for Neutron Stars Near the Black Hole Threshold
• Spin evolution of a proto-neutron star
• Critical mass, moment of inertia and universal relations of rapidly rotating neutron stars with exotic matter
• Nonvalidity of I-Love-Q Relations for Hot White Dwarf Stars
• Universal Relations for rapidly rotating neutron stars using supervised machine-learning techniques
• I-Love-Q Relations for Realistic White Dwarfs
• Fully general relativistic simulations of rapidly rotating quark stars: Oscillation modes and universal relations
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters on oscillation modes in hot Neutron Stars
• Disformal transformation of physical quantities associated with relativistic stars
• Accretion spin-up of the massive component in the neutron star stripping model for short gamma-ray bursts
• Four-Hair Relations for Differentially Rotating Neutron Stars in the Weak-Field Limit
• Hyperons and $\Delta$'s in rotating protoneutron stars: Global properties
• Early evolution of newly born proto-neutron stars
• Effect of symmetry energy on properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars and universal relations
• Hot Holographic 2-flavor Quark Star
• Properties of rapidly rotating hot neutron stars within Brueckner theory
• Universal relation between dipole polarizability of finite nuclei and neutron-star compactness
• Binding energy of compact stars and their non-radial oscillations
• I-Love-Q Relations of Fermion-Boson Stars