Effectively universal behavior of rotating neutron stars in general relativity makes them even simpler than their Newtonian counterparts

Abstract

Recently it was shown that slowly rotating neutron stars exhibit an interesting correlation between their moment of inertia $I$, their quadrupole moment $Q$, and their tidal deformation Love number $\lambda$ (the I-Love-Q relations), independently of the equation of state of the compact object. In the present work a similar, more general, universality is shown to hold true for all rotating neutron stars within General Relativity; the first four multipole moments of the neutron star are related in a way independent of the nuclear matter equation of state we assume. By exploiting this relation, we can describe quite accurately the geometry around a neutron star with fewer parameters, even if we don't know precisely the equation of state. Furthermore, this universal behavior displayed by neutron stars, could promote them to a more promising class of candidates (next to black holes) for testing theories of gravity.

Main text followed by supplemental material. 11 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication as a Letter in Physical Review Letters

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• Testing universal relations of neutron stars with a nonlinear matter-gravity coupling theory
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