Flow probe of symmetry energy in relativistic heavy-ion reactions

Abstract

Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport theory. In particular, the elliptic flow in collisions of neutron-rich heavy-ion systems emerges as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities. The comparison of ratios or differences of neutron and proton flows or neutron and hydrogen flows with predictions of transport models favors an approximately linear density dependence, consistent with ab-initio nuclear-matter theories. Extensive parameter searches have shown that the model dependence is comparable to the uncertainties of existing experimental data. Comprehensive new flow data of high accuracy, partly also through providing stronger constraints on model parameters, can thus be expected to improve our knowledge of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter.

20 pages, 24 figures, review to appear in EPJA special volume on nuclear symmetry energy

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
• The Nuclear Symmetry Energy
• Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density
• Transport approaches for the Description of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Relativistic Mean-Field Models with Scaled Hadron Masses and Couplings: Hyperons and Maximum Neutron Star Mass
• Progress of Quantum Molecular Dynamics model and its applications in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Accessing the in-medium effects on nucleon-nucleon elastic cross section with collective flows and nuclear stopping
• Studies of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter by heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energy in the multi-messenger era
• Event plane determination from Zero Degree Calorimeter at the Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment
• Experimental study of the ${}^{40,48}$Ca+ ${}^{40,48}$Ca reactions at 35 MeV/nucleon
• High Density with Elliptic Flows
• Neutron Star Radii from Laboratory Experiments