Dynamics of Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions with Heavy Beams: An Experimental Overview

Abstract

We review, from an experimental point of view, the current status of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions with heavy beams.

16 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (1)

• Open charm contribution to dilepton spectra produced in nuclear collisions at SPS energies

Cited by in corpus (69)

• Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out
• Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
• (Non)Thermal Aspects of Charmonium Production and a New Look at J/$\psi$ Suppression
• Chemical Equilibration in Pb+Pb Collisions at the SPS
• Chemical and Thermal Freeze-Out Parameters from 1 to 200 A.GeV
• Properties of hot and dense matter from relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Signatures of Quark-Gluon-Plasma formation in high energy heavy-ion collisions: A critical review
• Elliptic Flow: Transition from out-of-plane to in-plane Emission in Au + Au Collisions
• Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions and the nuclear matter equation of state
• The parton to hadron phase transition observed in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
• Signatures of Thermal Dilepton Radiation at RHIC
• Anisotropic flow from AGS to LHC energies
• Constraints on Nuclear Symmetry Energy Parameters
• Direct Photons from Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Particle Ratios, Equilibration, and the QCD Phase Boundary
• Systematics of Stopping and Flow in Au+Au Collisions
• Thermal Dilepton Radiation at Intermediate Masses at the CERN-SpS
• Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Two-Pion Bose-Einstein Correlations at SPS Energies
• Non-Equilibrium Phase Transition in Rapidly Expanding Matter
• Particle ratios at RHIC: Effective hadron masses and chemical freeze-out
• A Study of the Properties of the QCD Phase Diagram in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Transport approaches for the Description of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Elliptic flow and the symmetry energy at supra-saturation density
• Flow and interferometry results from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{NN}}$ = 4.5 GeV
• Collision dynamics at medium and relativistic energies
• Baryon flow from SIS to AGS energies
• Towards the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Disoriented Chiral Condensate: Theory and Experiment
• Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
• Energy dependence of elliptic flow from heavy-ion collision models
• Van der Waals Excluded Volume Model of Multicomponent Hadron Gas
• First, second, third and fourth flow harmonics of deuterons and protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 A GeV
• Collective Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions from AGS to SPS
• Understanding the $p/\pi$ ratio at LHC due to QCD mass spectrum
• Strange Messages: Chemical and Thermal Freeze-out in Nuclear Collisions
• Unusual bound states of quark matter within the NJL model
• Differential Flow of Protons in Au+Au Collisions at AGS Energies
• Limits of Confinement: The First 15 Years of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Studies
• Elliptic Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--39 GeV
• Flow probe of symmetry energy in relativistic heavy-ion reactions
• Equation of state of resonance-rich matter in the central cell in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=200 AGeV
• Bayesian inference of the incompressibility, skewness and kurtosis of nuclear matter from empirical pressures in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Particle ratios at SPS, AGS and SIS
• Duality and Chiral Restoration from Low-Mass Dileptons at the CERN-SpS
• Hydrodynamic simulation of elliptic flow
• Particle Ratios as a Probe of the QCD Critical Temperature
• Continuous Decoupling of Dynamically Expanding Systems
• Mapping out the QCD phase transition in multiparticle production
• Metastable quark-antiquark droplets within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Flow and equation of state in heavy-ion collisions
• Extraction of the sound velocity from rapidity spectra: Evidence for QGP formation at FAIR/RHIC-BES energies
• Particle production and chemical freezeout from the hybrid UrQMD approach at NICA energies
• Two-Proton Correlations from 14.6A GeV/c Si+Pb and 11.5A GeV/c Au+Au Central Collisions
• Light nuclei in the hadron resonance gas
• The SPS Heavy Ion Programme
• The Critical Endpoint of Bootstrap and Lattice QCD Matter
• Measurements of chemical potentials in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Dynamical and thermal descriptions in parton distribution functions
• The Parton-Hadron Phase Transition in Central Nuclear Collisions at the CERN SPS
• Transition to resonance-rich matter in heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies
• Elliptic flow splitting between protons and antiprotons from hadronic potentials
• Energy dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks based on transverse momentum spectra and yield ratios of negative to positive particles
• Towards the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Charm in nuclear reactions in sqrt(s)=17 and 19 GeV
• Excitation Function of the Longitudinal Expansion in Central Nuclear Collisions
• From chemical freezeout to critical conditions in heavy ion collisions
• Multicomponent Van der Waals model of a nuclear fireball in the freeze-out stage
• Azimuthal Anisotropy Measurements by STAR