DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations

Abstract

We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), to be released in the DESI Data Release 1. DESI BAO provide robust measurements of the transverse comoving distance and Hubble rate, or their combination, relative to the sound horizon, in seven redshift bins from over 6 million extragalactic objects in the redshift range $0.1<z<4.2$. DESI BAO data alone are consistent with the standard flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model with a matter density ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.295\pm 0.015$. Paired with a BBN prior and the robustly measured acoustic angular scale from the CMB, DESI requires $H_0=(68.52\pm 0.62)$ km/s/Mpc. In conjunction with CMB anisotropies from Planck and CMB lensing data from Planck and ACT, we find ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.307\pm 0.005$ and $H_0=(67.97\pm 0.38)$ km/s/Mpc. Extending the baseline model with a constant dark energy equation of state parameter $w$, DESI BAO alone require $w=-0.99_{-0.13}^{+0.15}$. In models with a time-varying dark energy equation of state parametrized by $w_0$ and $w_a$, combinations of DESI with CMB or with SN~Ia individually prefer $w_0>-1$ and $w_a<0$. This preference is 2.6$\sigma$ for the DESI+CMB combination, and persists or grows when SN~Ia are added in, giving results discrepant with the $\Lambda$CDM model at the $2.5\sigma$, $3.5\sigma$ or $3.9\sigma$ levels for the addition of Pantheon+, Union3, or DES-SN5YR datasets respectively. For the flat $\Lambda$CDM model with the sum of neutrino mass $\sum m_{\nu }$ free, combining the DESI and CMB data yields an upper limit $\sum m_{\nu }<0.072$ $(0.113)$ eV at 95% confidence for a $\sum m_{\nu }>0$ $(\sum m_{\nu }>0.059)$ eV prior. These neutrino-mass constraints are substantially relaxed in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM. [Abridged.]

This DESI Collaboration Key Publication is part of the 2024 publication series using the first year of observations (see https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/papers). 68 pages, 15 figures. Version accepted for publication in JCAP

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• Revisiting Cosmic Distance Duality with Megamasers and DESI DR2 Observations: Model Independent Constraints on Early-Late Calibration
• Stückelberg path to pure de Sitter supergravity
• A short review on Quintom dark energy theory
• A Novel Bispectrum Estimator of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect using Projected Fields
• A model-independent measurement of the expansion and growth rates from BOSS using the FreePower method
• Characterizing the equivalence between dark energy and radiation using gamma-ray bursts
• Reconciling cosmic dipolar tensions with a gigaparsec void
• Is Dark Energy Changing? Probing the Universe's Expansion with present and future astronomical probes
• Towards a multi-tracer neutrino mass measurement with line-intensity mapping
• Quintom Dark Energy: Future Attractor and Phantom Crossing in Light of DESI DR2 Observation
• From Large Telescopes to the MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST)
• Mimetic Weyl geometric gravity
• Interacting dark sector with quadratic coupling: theoretical and observational viability
• Fermion Masses and Mixings in String Theory with Dirac Neutrinos
• Beam Maps of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) Measured with a Drone
• Hubble Tension and Dark Energy in Teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet Gravity: New Constraints from DESI BAO, Pantheon${}^{+}$ and Hubble Data
• Induced-Gravity Palatini-Like Higgs Inflation in Supergravity Confronts ACT DR6
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillations analyses with Density-Split Statistics
• Constraints on cosmological parameters and CMB first acoustic peak in conformal Killing gravity
• Revisiting the Hubble constant, sound horizon and cosmography from late-time Universe observations
• The fate of Quasi-Exponential inflation in the light of ACT-DR6
• Particle Production Scenario in an Algebraically Coupled Quintessence Field with a Dark Matter Fluid
• Line-of-sight effects on double source plane lenses
• Dark Energy Survey: DESI-Independent Angular BAO Measurement
• Probing the Perturbative Reheating History of Decaying Oscillatory Inflation with ACT Constraints
• Dark energy, spatial curvature, and star formation efficiency from JWST photometric and spectroscopic high-redshift galaxies
• KiDS-Legacy: Constraining dark energy, neutrino mass, and curvature
• Solar System Experiments in the Search for Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Analysis of Pantheon+ supernova data suggests evidence of sign-changing pressure of the cosmological fluid
• Towards a Composite Framework for Simultaneous Exploration of New Physics in Background and Perturbed Universe
• Confronting Inflation and Reheating with Observations: Improved Predictions
• Why $w\ne -1$? Anthropic Selection in a $\Lambda$ + Axion Dark Energy Model
• From Dark Radiation to Dark Energy: Unified Cosmological Evolution in K-essence Models
• Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential revisited in the context of Warm Inflation
• Constraining Axially Symmetric Bianchi Type I Model with Self-Consistent Recombination History and Observables
• Inference of matter power spectrum at z=0 using DESI DR1 Full-Shape data
• Assisted Fibre Inflation in Perturbative LVS
• Invisible neutron decay and light BSM particles
• Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum from relativistic $N$-body Simulations: ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM versus $\Lambda$CDM
• A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
• On Gauge Theories of Neutrino Masses and Dark Matter
• An Alcock-Paczynski Test on Reionization Bubbles for Cosmology
• Cosmological Constraints on Neutrino Masses in a Second-Order CPL Dark Energy Model
• Derivative hierarchy as the origin of kernel-dependent trends in Gaussian process reconstructions of the hubble parameter
• BBN-simple: How to Bake a Universe-Sized Cake
• Reconstructing redshift distributions with photometric galaxy clustering
• Primordial black holes in Randall-Sundrum: Cosmological signatures
• Redshift-space galaxy bispectrum in presence of massive neutrinos: A multipole expansion approach for Euclid
• 6x2pt: Forecasting gains from joint weak lensing and galaxy clustering analyses with spectroscopic-photometric galaxy cross-correlations
• Role of Spatial Curvature in a Dark Energy Interacting Model
• Off-diagonal solutions in Einsteingravity modeling f(R) gravity and dynamical darkenergy vs Lambda CDM cosmology
• DESI constraints on two-field quintessence with exponential potentials
• Cosmology with Topological Deep Learning
• Cosmic acceleration and the Hubble tension from baryon acoustic oscillation data
• Consistencies and inconsistencies in redshift-independent distances
• Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in
• The Universe according to DESI results
• Entropy Bounds and Holographic Dark Energy: Conflicts and Consensus
• Crosschecking Cosmic Distances from DESI BAO and DES SNe
• Studying baryon acoustic oscillations using photometric redshifts from the DESI Legacy Imaging survey DR9
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: Constraints on Ultra-light Axion Dark Matter through Galaxy Cluster Number Counts
• Do JWST reionization (optical depth) puzzle, cosmological tensions, and CMB anomalies imply Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum?
• Characterising the Standardisation Properties of Type Ia Supernovae in the z band with Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling
• Assessing the Robustness of the CPL Parametrization to Basis and Prior Variations: Insights from DESI DR2 BAO Data
• The Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest from LBGs: First 3D Correlation Measurement with DESI and Prospects for Cosmology
• Individual Neutrino Masses From a Supernova
• A semi-cosmographic approach to study cosmological evolution in phase space
• Searching for MeV-mass neutrinophilic Dark Matter with Large Scale Dark Matter Detectors
• Super sample covariance and the volume scaling of galaxy survey covariance matrices
• Is Dark Energy Increasing or Decreasing in the Late Universe?
• Ten-dimensional neural network emulator for the nonlinear matter power spectrum
• Pushing spectral siren cosmology into the third-generation era: a blinded mock data challenge
• From Nonparametric Distance Reconstruction to Testing the Etherington Relation and Cosmic Curvature Using 2D and 3D BAO Measurements
• The cosmological Mass Varying Neutrino model in the late universe
• Implications of $f(R)$ gravity on late-time cosmic structure growth through a complete description of density perturbations
• Constraining cosmology with N-body simulations for future spectroscopic galaxy surveys at $2\le z\le 3$
• Dark sector interactions in light of weak lensing data
• Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Constraints
• Probing Interacting Dark Sectors with upcoming Post-Reionization and Galaxy Surveys
• Testing the robustness of the BAO determination in the presence of massive neutrinos
• Kinetic coupled tachyon: A dynamical system analysis
• UV-complete and stable Quintom Dark Energy models in the light of DESI DR2
• Cosmological Singularities in Brane Gravity
• On the virialization threshold for halo mass functions
• Compact Objects in 4D Einstein Gauss Bonnet Gravity A Data Based Perspective
• Dynamical evolution timescales for the supermassive black hole system in the galaxy NGC 7727 (Arp 222)
• Theoretical filters for shift-symmetric Horndeski gravities
• Cosmological dynamics of holographic dark energy with non-minimally coupled scalar field
• Diagnostic Consistency Tests of the Concordance Cosmology
• Primordial black holes formation in inflationary $F(R)$ models with scalar fields
• Galaxy assembly bias in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: a comparison between SIMBA and IllustrisTNG
• Gravitational waves from dark domain walls
• Constraint on Neutrino Statistics from Cosmological Data
• Observational constraints on phenomenological emergent dark energy and barotropic dark matter characterized by a constant equation of state parameter
• Constraining nonminimal f(T) gravity from Primordial Nucleosynthesis to Late-Universe observations
• Evolution of linear matter perturbations with error-bounded bundle physics-informed neural networks
• Exact cosmological solutions with magnetic field in the theory of gravity with non-minimal kinetic coupling
• Modeling the Cosmological Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest at the Field Level
• Cosmological Constraints on f(T,B) Gravity from Observations of Early and Late Universe
• Effect of Moduli Redefinitions on Fibre Inflation
• Cluster optical depth and pairwise velocity estimation using machine learning
• Layered dark structure with a Structuring Field: A $Z_4$-symmetric Inert Doublet-Singlet realization and implications for the $S_8$ tension
• Cosmological constraints on the big bang quantum cosmology model
• Resurrecting Vanilla Power Law Inflation with the aid of Continuous Spontaneous Localization in the ACT era
• Probing the Type 3 interacting dark-energy model using matter pairwise velocity
• Probing Time-Varying Dark Energy with DESI: The Crucial Role of Precision Matter Density (Ω_{m0}) Measurements
• A comprehensive dynamical and phenomenological analysis of structure growth in curvature-modulated coupled quintessence scenario
• Forecasting Constraints on Non-Thermal Light Massive Relics from Future CMB Experiments (CMB-S4/Simons Observatory)
• The magnitude of the dark ages 21-cm signal in the context of existing early and late time constraints on $\Lambda$CDM
• Density perturbations in nonminimally coupled gravity: symptoms of Lagrangian density ambiguity
• Improving cosmological constraints via galaxy intrinsic alignment in full-shape analysis
• Characterization of exotic matter in PT-symmetric wormholes
• Power Spectrum Emulators from Neural Networks and Tree-Based Methods
• Results from Hubble parameter data: oscillating dark energy?
• Fullshape power spectrum for the Symmetron modified gravity model
• Fifty shades of grayness: parametrizations of spectral distortions and applications in cosmology
• Hyper Suprime-Cam Y3 results: photo-$z$ bias calibration with lensing shear ratios and cosmological constraints from cosmic shear
• Dusty Clump Survival in Supernova Ejecta: Dust-Mediated Growth vs. Crushing by the Reverse Shock
• SN 2025ogs: A Spectroscopically-Normal Type Ia Supernova at z = 2 as a Benchmark for Redshift Evolution
• Illuminating the Dark Sector: Understanding Modified Gravity Signatures with Cross-Correlations of Gravitational Waves and Large-Scale Structure
• Dark energy constraints in light of theoretical priors
• Apparent $w<-1$ and a Lower $S_8$ from Dark Axion and Dark Baryons Interactions
• A dynamical systems perspective on the thermodynamics of late-time cosmology
• Brans-Dicke-like field for co-varying $G$ and $c$: observational constraints
• Possible evidences for physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM from DESI DR2 data
• Revisiting the CMB homogeneity scale: low multipoles removal effect and extragalactic foreground masking
• Addressing the too-big-to-fail problem and the void phenomenon through a modified initial power spectrum
• Euclid preparation. Full-shape modelling of 2-point and 3-point correlation functions in real space
• Numerical treatment of annual modulation of relic neutrinos
• How to embed any likelihood into SBI: Application to Planck + Stage IV galaxy surveys and Dynamical Dark Energy
• Skewness as a Probe of Gravity: Real and Redshift Space Counts-In-Cells
• Physical Implications and Updated Observational Constraints of the PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model
• Tomographic Alcock-Paczynski Test with Marked Correlation Functions
• Cosmic Dipoles from Large-Scale Structure Surveys
• Cosmic voids and the kinetic analysis. V. Hubble tension, the cosmological constant and aperiodic filaments
• Confronting Mukhanov Parametrization of Inflationary Equation-of-State with ACT-DR6
• How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
• Cosmology with a Non-minimally Coupled Dark Matter Fluid I. Background Evolution
• Test particle motion around a black hole dressed with a spherically symmetric stationary fluid
• Cosmic Acceleration from Nothing
• Web-Halo Model (WHM): Accurate non-linear matter power spectrum predictions without free parameters
• Exploring the flavor structure of leptons via diffusion models
• Non-Commutative fluid: an alternative source of cosmic acceleration
• Reconciling the ACT Preference in $f(T)$ Gravity: Inflation and Reheating Constraints
• Quintessential Inflation in Palatini $F(R,X)$ gravity
• Gravitational waves in Palatini gravity for a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling
• Is the $\Lambda$CDM Model in Crisis?
• Generation of Lognormal Synthetic Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Spectra for $P_{1D}$ Analysis
• Cosmography via stellar archaeology of low-redshift early-type galaxies from SDSS
• Testing the growth of cosmic structures during the Dark Ages
• Confirming the uniformity of the Hubble flow with Pantheon+ Supernovae
• Dark Matter profiles of "in silico" galaxies: deep learning inference
• Euclid: Optimising tomographic redshift binning for 3$\times$2pt power spectrum constraints on dark energy
• Running Hubble Constant with the Redshift as a Marker of Evolutionary Dark Energy
• Void spin distribution as a powerful probe of ${\sigma }_8$
• Cosmological Probes of Lepton Parity Freeze-in Dark Matter: $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ & Gravitational Waves
• Inflationary models in a minimally coupled $f(R,T)$ gravity: Constraints from $Planck$, BICEP/$Keck$, and ACT
• Cosmological perturbations in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity
• Quantum measurement systems and applications to particle physics and cosmology
• Non-minimally coupled quintessential inflation
• Bayesian and Machine-Learning Analyses of Nonminimal $f(Q)$ Gravity and $H_0$ Tension
• Aletheia: Emulating the non-linear matter power spectrum in the context of evolution mapping
• Cosmology of Gravi-Axions
• Structural Limitations on Constraining the Time Evolution of Dark Energy
• Running Einstein Constant and a Possible Vacuum State of the Universe
• The holographic origin of future singularities and the role of spatial curvature in cosmic expansion
• SRG/eROSITA-SDSS view on the relation between X-ray and UV emission for quasars
• EFT of Dark Energy with Cosmic Chronometers: Reconstructing Background EFT Functions
• Accretion of Generalized Chaplygin Gas onto Cosmologically Coupled Black Holes
• An effective $\mathbf{\Lambda }$-Szekeres modelling of the local Universe with Cosmicflows-4
• Non-parametric exploration of minimally coupled gravity with phantom crossing
• Controlled Tension Forecasting: Quantifying Cross-Probe Biases in ${\omega }_0{\omega }_a$CDM
• Growth rate measurements from a joint analysis of the large-scale galaxy clustering in Fourier and configuration space
• Cosmological perturbations on an averaged background
• Encyclopedia of Astrophysics: The Expanding Universe
• Bridging Simulations and EFT: A Hybrid Model of the Lyman-Alpha Forest Field
• A Spectrum of Cosmological Rips and Their Observational Signatures
• Calibration-independent consistency test of BAO and SNIa data: update
• Early results in the search for extreme coronal line emitters with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
• Sahyadri: A simulation suite for the cosmology dependence of the Cosmic Web
• The Lambert $W$ equation of state in light of DESI BAO
• Euclid: Improving redshift distribution reconstruction using a deep-to-wide transfer function
• Scaling solutions in three-form cosmology
• Exponential Quintessence Model: Analytical Quantification of the Fine-Tuning Problem in Dark Energy
• Majorana CP Violation Insights from Decaying Neutrinos
• Accelerated expansion of the universe purely driven by scalar field fluctuations
• Enhancing Cosmological Constraints by Two-dimensional $\beta$-cosmic-web Weighted Angular Correlation Functions
• Emulating galaxy and peculiar velocity clustering on non-linear scales
• Observational Constraints and Geometric Diagnostics of Barboza-Alcaniz and Logarithmic Dark Energy Parametrizations
• Constraining Quintessence Models with ISW-tSZ Cross-Correlations: A Comparative Analysis of Thawing, Tracker, and Scaling-Freezing Dynamics
• Cosmic neutrino background detection in the minimally extended Standard Model
• Highly Efficient Selection of High-Redshift Emission-Line Galaxies for future DESI-like surveys with Deep Multi-band Imaging
• Choice of Quantum Vacuum for Inflation Observables
• Extended datasamples under the lens of Brane World Theory
• Optimizing Foreground Modelling for Global 21cm Cosmology with GPU-Accelerated Nested Sampling
• FlowSN: Neural Simulation-Based Inference under Realistic Selection Effects applied to Supernova Cosmology
• Sound Mode and Scale-Dependent Growth in Two-Fluid Dynamical Dark Energy
• Observational and Thermodynamic aspects of one-dimensional Dark Energy EoS parametrization models
• The long freeze: an asymptotically static universe from holographic dark energy
• Sterile neutrino Dark Matter in the minimal Dirac Seesaw
• Crunching, Bouncing, and Cyclical Cosmologies from Dark Sector Interactions
• The BAO scale -- how standard is the standard ruler?
• Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy
• Impact of the Infrared Cutoff on Structure Formation in Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy
• Model-independent reconstruction of cosmic thermodynamics and dark energy dynamics
• Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and Axion--Lepton Couplings in a Minimal Flavored $\nu$KSVZ Model
• Ray-traced weak lensing convergence in screened modified gravity theories
• Expected redshift drift for tilted observers
• Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
• Constraining Spatial Curvature with Priors from Swampland Conjectures
• Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration in Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity via Gradient Descent Optimization
• Apocalypse When? Solar System Constraints on an Imminent Big Rip
• Calibrating Bayesian Tension Statistics using Neural Ratio Estimation
• Energy conditions in consistent perfect fluid cosmology
• Constraints on non-canonical chaotic inflation from ACT DR6 and BICEP/Keck data
• Preliminary cosmological results using extreme accretors Quasar formalism
• Redshift Duality with Pantheon+SH0ES in a Planck-anchored Flat $\Lambda$CDM Framework: Implications for Hubble Tension and Observational Inference
• Constraining Early Dark Energy cosmological models with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• A cross-epoch endpoint-consistency test of a single effective scaling from dark energy to inflation
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• Thermodynamic reconstruction in observationally constrained dynamical dark energy models
• Quiescent Host Galaxies of Extended Quasars Revealed by Spectrophotometric Decomposition
• Observational constraints on a modified-gravity model with an exponential function of the curvature using the expansion history, the RSD, and the Pantheon+SH0ES data
• Revisiting the equation of state of dark energy from DESI BAO with SNe Ia and CMB
• Merging Galaxy Clusters and the Search for New Physics of Dark Matter: A Review
• Signatures of Extended Dark Energy Parametrisations in Structure Formation under Background Constraints
• Bayesian Model Comparison of $R_h=ct$ versus $\Lambda$CDM using HII galaxy Hubble diagram
• Geometric formulation of $k$-essence and late-time acceleration
• Beyond the Power Spectrum: A New Framework for Non-Stationary Fields with Applications to Light-Cone Effects in Line Intensity Mapping
• Testing the cosmological principle on gigaparsec scales
• Diverse reddening distributions in sight lines to type Ia supernovae
• Physics beyond the Standard Model with the DSA-2000
• Current constraints on the minimally extended varying speed of light model through the cosmic distance duality relation