Interacting dark sector with quadratic coupling: theoretical and observational viability

Abstract

Models proposing a non-gravitational interaction between dark energy (DE) and dark matter (CDM) have been extensively studied as alternatives to the standard cosmological model. A common approach to describing the DE-CDM coupling assumes it to be linearly proportional to the dark energy density. In this work, we consider the model with interaction term $Q=3H\gamma {\rho }_x^2/({\rho }_c+{\rho }_x)$. We show that for positive values of $\gamma$ this model predicts a future violation of the Weak Energy Condition (WEC) for the dark matter component, and for a specific range of negative values of $\gamma$ the CDM energy density can be negative in the past. We perform a parameter selection analysis for this model using data from Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon sample, $H(z)$ measurements from the Cosmic Chronometers sample, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the DESI survey, and Cosmic Microwave Background data from the Planck combined with the Hubble constant $H_0$ prior. Imposing a prior to ensure that the WEC is not violated, our model is consistent with $\Lambda$CDM in 2$\sigma$ C.L., yet exhibits a preference for smaller values of ${\sigma }_8$, alleviating the ${\sigma }_8$ tension between the CMB results from Planck 2018 and the weak gravitational lensing observations from the KiDS-1000 cosmic shear survey.

13 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in EPJ Plus

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