A 6% measurement of the Hubble parameter at $z\sim 0.45$: direct evidence of the epoch of cosmic re-acceleration

Abstract

Deriving the expansion history of the Universe is a major goal of modern cosmology. To date, the most accurate measurements have been obtained with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, providing evidence for the existence of a transition epoch at which the expansion rate changes from decelerated to accelerated. However, these results have been obtained within the framework of specific cosmological models that must be implicitly or explicitly assumed in the measurement. It is therefore crucial to obtain measurements of the accelerated expansion of the Universe independently of assumptions on cosmological models. Here we exploit the unprecedented statistics provided by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 9 to provide new constraints on the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ using the em cosmic chronometers approach. We extract a sample of more than 130000 of the most massive and passively evolving galaxies, obtaining five new cosmology-independent $H(z)$ measurements in the redshift range $0.3<z<0.5$, with an accuracy of $\sim$11-16\% incorporating both statistical and systematic errors. Once combined, these measurements yield a 6\% accuracy constraint of $H(z=0.4293)=91.8\pm 5.3$ km/s/Mpc. The new data are crucial to provide the first cosmology-independent determination of the transition redshift at high statistical significance, measuring $z_t=0.4\pm 0.1$, and to significantly disfavor the null hypothesis of no transition between decelerated and accelerated expansion at 99.9\% confidence level. This analysis highlights the wide potential of the cosmic chronometers approach: it permits to derive constraints on the expansion history of the Universe with results competitive with standard probes, and most importantly, being the estimates independent of the cosmological model, it can constrain cosmologies beyond -and including- the $\Lambda$CDM model.

31 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication inJCAP. The H(z) data can be downloaded at http://www.physics-astronomy.unibo.it/en/research/areas/astrophysics/cosmology-with-cosmic-chronometers

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• Recovering a redshift-extended VSL signal from galaxy surveys
• In search of an interaction in the dark sector through Gaussian Process and ANN approaches
• Generalized Brans-Dicke theories in light of evolving dark energy
• Spatial Curvature and Thermodynamics
• Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
• A GREAT model comparison against the cosmological constant
• Testing f(R)-gravity models with DESI DR2 2025-BAO and other cosmological data
• Cosmological constraints from low-redshift data
• Measuring the speed of light with updated Hubble diagram of high-redshift standard candles
• Model-independent estimation of the cosmography parameters using cosmic chronometers
• A new Parametrization for Bulk Viscosity Cosmology as Extension of the $\Lambda$CDM Model
• Dark Energy Nature in Logarithmic $f(R,T)$ Cosmology
• Cosmic expansion history from SNe Ia data via information field theory -- the charm code
• Screening Mechanism and Late-time Cosmology: Role of a Chameleon-Brans-Dicke Scalar Field
• Local probes strongly favor $\Lambda$CDM against power-law and $R_h=ct$ universe
• Dynamics and statefinder analysis of a class of sign-changeable interacting dark energy scenarios
• Cosmological constraints of Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity
• Reconstructing a non-linear interaction in the dark sector with cosmological observations
• Search for the $f(R,T)$ gravity functional form via gaussian processes
• Forecast and analysis of the cosmological redshift drift
• Thin-shell wormholes constrained by cosmological observations
• $f(T)$ cosmology in the regime of quasar observations
• f(R) Gravity in an Ellipsoidal Universe
• Myrzakulov $F(T,Q)$ gravity: cosmological implications and constraints
• Reconstruction of cosmological matter perturbations in Modified Gravity
• Curvature dominance DE-model in $f(R)$-gravity
• Constraining the emergent dark energy models with observational data at intermediate redshift
• Reconstructing the Hubble parameter with future Gravitational Wave missions using Machine Learning
• Cosmological Constraints on Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Dynamical system analysis of LRS-BI Universe with f(Q) gravity theory
• Revisiting the epoch of cosmic acceleration
• The Reconstruction of Constant Jerk Parameter with $f(R,T)$ Gravity in Bianchi-I spacetime
• Joint Constraints on the Hubble Constant, Spatial Curvature, and Sound Horizon from the Late-time Universe with Cosmography
• Standardizing the Gamma-ray burst as a standard candle and applying to the cosmological probes: constraints on the two-component dark energy model
• Current and future constraints on Bekenstein-type models for varying couplings
• Analytical Gaussian Process Cosmography: Unveiling Insights into Matter-Energy Density Parameter at Present
• $f(T,B)$ Gravity in the late Universe in the context of local measurements
• Renyi Holographic Dark Energy models in Teleparallel gravity
• Null tests with Gaussian Process
• Interacting dark energy in the dark $SU(2{)}_R$ model
• Constraints on the Transition Redshift using Hubble Phase Space Portrait
• Cosmological constraints on $\gamma$-gravity models
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Decaying dark energy in light of the latest cosmological dataset
• A PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model
• Can the Universe decelerate in the future?
• Observational Constraints on the Dark Energy with a Quadratic Equation of State
• Testing $\alpha$-attractor quintessential inflation against CMB and low-redshift data
• A possible late-time transition of $M_B$ inferred via neural networks
• Constraints on power law cosmology from cosmic chronometer, standard ruler, and standard candle data
• Checking the second law at cosmic scales
• Bianchi type-V Transitioning model in Brans-Dicke theory with Observational Constraint
• The failure of testing for cosmic opacity via the distance-duality relation
• Non-Singular Bouncing Model in Energy Momentum Squared Gravity
• Breaking the baryon-dark matter degeneracy in a model-independent way through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
• New observational constraints on interacting dark energy using galaxy clusters virial equilibrium states
• Revisit of constraints on dark energy with Hubble parameter measurements including future redshift drift observations
• Constraints on extended Bekenstein models from cosmological, astrophysical, and local data
• A Reliable Calibration of HII Galaxies Hubble Diagram with Cosmic Chronometers and Artificial Neural Network
• Cosmological Boundary Flux Parameter
• Constraints on kinematic parameters at $z\ne 0$
• Cosmological and astrophysical constraints on tachyon dark energy models
• Cosmological tests of gravity with latest observations
• Testing dark energy models with $H(z)$ data
• Propagation and Fluxes of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in f(R) Gravity Theory
• The Logotropic Dark Fluid: Observational and Thermodynamic Constraints
• On the concordance of cosmological data in the case of the generalized Chaplygin gas
• Reference level of the vacuum energy density of the Universe and astrophysical data
• The effective running Hubble constant in SNe Ia as a marker for the dark energy nature
• Interacting quintessence cosmology from Noether symmetries: comparing theoretical predictions with observational data
• Revisiting dark energy models using differential ages of galaxies
• The connection between stellar mass, age and quenching timescale in massive quiescent galaxies at $z\simeq 1$
• A model independent constraint on the temporal evolution of the speed of light
• Testing Modified Gravity theory (MOG) with Type Ia Supernovae, Cosmic Chronometers and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
• Testing backreaction effects with observational Hubble parameter data
• Constraining deviations from $\Lambda$CDM in the Hubble expansion rate
• Distinguish the $f(T)$ model from $\Lambda$CDM model with Gravitational Wave observations
• Potentialities of Hubble parameter and expansion rate function data to alleviate Hubble tension
• Tests of Standard Cosmology in Horava Gravity and Bayesian Evidence for a Closed Universe, and the Hubble Tension
• Test of Artificial Neural Networks in Likelihood-free Cosmological Constraints: A Comparison of IMNN and DAE
• Constraining Exponential f(Q) Gravity with Cosmic Chronometers and Supernovae: A Data-Driven Analysis
• Thermodynamic Constraints on the Dark Sector
• Hubble constant by natural selection: Evolution chips in the Hubble tension
• Probing the H0 Tension with Holographic Dark Energy in Unimodular Gravity: Insights from DESI DR2
• Bayesian Comparison of Interacting Modified Holographic Ricci Dark Energy Scenarios
• A Non-parametric Reconstruction of the Hubble Parameter $H(z)$ Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Networks
• Square-Root parametrization of dark energy in $f(Q)$ cosmology
• Reconstructions of $f(\mathcal{P})$ and $f(\mathcal{Q})$ gravity models from $(m,n)$-type Barrow Holographic Dark Energy: Analysis and Observational Constraints
• Modified Equations of State for Dark Energy and Observational Limitations
• Is there a dynamical tendency in H0 with late time measurements?
• Low-Redshift Constraints on Covariant Canonical Gauge Theory of Gravity
• Effects of the matter Lagrangian degeneracy in $f(Q,T)$ gravity
• Simultaneous measurements on cosmic curvature and opacity using latest HII regions and $H(z)$ observations
• Deep Learning and genetic algorithms for cosmological Bayesian inference speed-up
• Constraining Cosmological Parameters with Viscous Modified Chaplygin Gas and Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas Models in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity: Utilizing Late-time Datasets
• The viable f(G) gravity models via reconstruction from the observations
• Stable $f(Q)$ gravity model through non-trivial connection
• Spherical Collapse Approach for Non-standard Dark Matter Models and Enhanced Early Galaxy Formation in JWST
• Observational Hubble parameter data constraints on the interactive model of $f(T)$ gravity with particle creation
• The interaction of extended Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter with viscous $f(T,B)$ gravity
• Probing departures from $\Lambda$CDM by late-time datasets
• Reconstruction of the dark energy scalar field potential by Gaussian process
• Phantom cosmologies from QCD ghost dark energy
• Dynamical systems analysis of an interacting scalar field model in an anisotropic universe
• Model-independent determination of cosmic curvature based on Padé approximation
• Extended Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter in viscous Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Effects of anisotropy in an anisotropic extension of $w$CDM model
• Coupled Quintessence scalar field model in light of observational datasets
• Constraints on Cosmological Models with Gamma-Ray Bursts in Cosmology-Independent Way
• Confronting quantum-corrected teleparallel cosmology with observations
• Dark Energy from the Fifth Dimension
• Cosmological joint analysis with cosmic growth and expansion rate
• Investigating the $w$CDM Model with Latest DESI BAO Observations
• Thawing k-essence dark energy in the PAge space
• What if the universe expands linearly? A local general relativity to solve the "zero active mass" problem
• Observational constraints on complex quintessence with attractive self-interaction
• Constraints on Late Time Violations of the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector
• A possible role for the merger of clusters/voids in the cosmological expansion
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Late-Time Anisotropy Sourced by a 2-Form Field Non-Minimally Coupled to Cold Dark Matter
• Statistical analysis with cosmic-expansion-rate measurements and two-point diagnostics
• Analysis cosmological tachyon and fermion model and observation data constraints
• Observational constraints on the growth index parameters in $f(Q)$ gravity
• A More Accurate and Competitive Estimative of $H_0$ in Intermediate Redshifts
• Examining the validity of the minimal varying speed of light model through cosmological observations: relaxing the null curvature constraint
• Beyond $\Lambda$CDM: Exploring a Dynamical Cosmological Constant Framework Consistent with Late-Time Observations
• From Barthel Randers Kropina Geometries to the Accelerating Universe: A Brief Review of Recent Advances in Finslerian Cosmology
• One Extension to Explain Them All, One Scale-Invariant Spectrum to Test Them All, and in One Model Bind Them
• A new parametrization of Hubble function and Hubble tension
• Comparing Dark Energy models with Hubble versus Growth Rate data
• Do current observations support transient acceleration of our universe?
• Addressing the $r_d$ Tension using Late-Time Observational Measurements in a Novel deceleration Parametrization
• Observational constraints on Tsallis holographic dark energy with Ricci horizon cutoff
• A comprehensive data-driven odyssey to explore the equation of state of dark energy
• New Tsallis holographic dark energy with apparent horizon as IR-cutoff in non-flat Universe
• Qualitative analysis for viscous cosmologies in a non linear regime of the Israel-Stewart formalism
• Faster Bayesian inference with neural network bundles and new results for $f(R)$ models
• Cosmological constraints on $R^2$-corrected Appleby-Battye model
• Holographic Dark Energy from the Anti-de Sitter Black Hole
• A New Parameterized Interacting Holographic Dark Energy
• Endowing $\mathbf{\Lambda }$ with a dynamic nature: constraints in a spatially curved Universe
• Tsallis holographic dark energy model with event horizon cutoff in modified gravity
• Holography and matter creation revisited
• Observational Constraints on the Parameters of Hořava-Lifshitz Gravity
• Testing Lambert$W$ equation of state with observational Hubble parameter data
• Reconstructing the dark matter and dark energy interaction scenarios from observations
• High precision measurement of cosmic curvature: from gravitational waves and cosmic chronometer
• Thermodynamics of Modified Chaplygin-Jacobi Gas and Modified Chaplygin-Abel Gas: Stability Analysis and Observational Constraints
• Observational constraints on dynamical dark energy with pivoting redshift
• What Prevents Resolving the Hubble Tension through Late-Time Expansion Modifications?
• Mimicking the LCDM model with Stealths
• Gaussian Processes, Median Statistics, Milky Way Rotation Curves
• Cosmic curvature on large-scale structures with homogeneous dark energy
• Fine Tuning Problem of the Cosmological Constant in a Generalized Randall-Sundrum Model
• Eternal vs singular observers in interacting dark energy-dark matter models
• Dark matter or strong gravity?
• Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
• Angular Correlation Function from sample covariance with BOSS and eBOSS LRG
• Novel Cosmological Joint Constraints in Multidimensional Observables Space with Redshift-free Inferences
• Exploring the Evolution of Nonlinear Electrodynamics in the Universe: A Dynamical Systems Approach
• An exact solution of the observable universe in Bianchi V space-time
• Generalized Holographic Cosmology: low-redshift observational constraint
• Lyra's cosmology of homogeneous and isotropic universe in Brans-Dicke theory
• Structure Formation in Dark Matter Particle Production Cosmology
• Beyond Fisher Forecasting for Cosmology
• Local Limit of Nonlocal Gravity: Cosmological Perturbations
• BBN to Late-Time Acceleration in $f(T,{\mathcal{L}}_m)$ Gravity
• Exploring the deviation of cosmological constant by a generalized pressure dark energy model
• Performance of Non-Parametric Reconstruction Techniques in the Late-Time Universe
• Reconstructions of Einstein-Aether Gravity from Barrow Agegraphic and New Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy models: Examinations and Observational Limits
• Globular clusters as cosmic clocks: new cosmological hints from their integrated light
• Cosmological Evolution of Viscous Dark Energy in f(Q,C) Gravity: Two-Fluid Approach
• Viscous interacting and stability on dark matter Bose-Einstein condensation with modified Chaplygin gas
• Effect of Peak Absolute Magnitude of Type Ia Supernovae and Sound Horizon Values on Hubble Tension using DESI results
• The constraint ability of Hubble parameter by gravitational wave standard sirens on cosmological parameters
• When Dark Matter Heats Up: A Model-Independent Search for Non-Cold Behavior
• Hints of the $H_0-r_d$ tension in uncorrelated Baryon Acoustic Oscillations dataset
• ParamANN: A Neural Network to Estimate Cosmological Parameters for $\Lambda$CDM Universe Using Hubble Measurements
• Constraining the swiss-cheese IR-fixed point cosmology with cosmic expansion
• Testing consistency of general relativity with kinematic and dynamical probes
• Observational constraints and dynamical analysis of Kaniadakis horizon-entropy cosmology
• Observational constraints on cosmological parameters in the Bianchi type III Universe with f(R,T) gravity theory
• Cosmic expansion beyond $\Lambda$CDM: Investigating power-law and logarithmic corrections
• Constraints on Tsallis cosmology using recent low and high redshift measurements
• Is Dark Energy Changing? Probing the Universe's Expansion with present and future astronomical probes
• Accelerating Universe in Higher Dimensional Space Time : an alternative approach
• Interacting dark sector with quadratic coupling: theoretical and observational viability
• Hubble Tension and Dark Energy in Teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet Gravity: New Constraints from DESI BAO, Pantheon${}^{+}$ and Hubble Data
• $\Lambda CDM$ periodic cosmology
• Influence of the correlation prior on reconstruction of the dark energy equation of state
• On the Field Theoretical Description of an Alternative Model to Generalized Chaplygin Gas and its Thermodynamic Behaviour
• Anisotropic cosmology in Bumblebee gravity theory
• Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors
• Probing the independence within the dark sector in the fluid approximation
• Gravitational Lensing of Dark Energy Models and $\Lambda$CDM Using Observational data in Loop Quantum Cosmology
• Observational constraints on the massive neutrinos induced late-time cosmic acceleration
• Quintessence and tachyon dark energy in interaction with dark matter: Observational constraints and model selection
• Equivalence of Dark Energy Models: A Theoretical and Bayesian Perspective
• Stringent constraint on the CCC+TL cosmology with $H(z)$ Measurements
• Derivative hierarchy as the origin of kernel-dependent trends in Gaussian process reconstructions of the hubble parameter
• Role of Spatial Curvature in a Dark Energy Interacting Model
• On Direct Estimation of Density Parameters and Hubble Constant for $\Lambda$CDM Universe using Hubble Measurements
• Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated by Using Artificial Neural Networks from the Pantheon+ Sample
• Observational constraints on thawing quintessence scalar field model
• Reconstructing cosmic evolution with a density parametrization
• Unimodular Theory of Gravity in Light of the Latest Cosmological Data
• New $H(z)$ measurement at Redshift = 0.12 with DESI Data Release 1
• Testing the Constancy of Type Ia Supernova Luminosities with Gaussian Process
• Model-independent reconstruction of the cosmological scale factor as a function of lookback time
• Phantom scalar field cosmologies constrained by early cosmic measurements
• A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
• Estimating Cosmological Parameters and Reconstructing Hubble Constant with Artificial Neural Networks: A Test with covariance matrix and mock H(z)
• Observational tests of the conformal osculating Barthel-Kropina cosmological model
• Barboza-Alcaniz Equation of State Parametrization : Constraining the Parameters in Different Gravity Theories
• Mimetic Tensor-Vector-Scalar Cosmology: Incorporating Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Stiff Matter
• Cosmological Constraints on 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity and Kaniadakis Holographic Dark Energy: Implications for Black Hole Shadows
• Testing Exponential $f(R)$ Gravity with CMB, DESI-DR2, and Supernova Data
• Time to Sparkler. Accurate ages of lensed globular clusters at $z=1.4$ with JWST photometry
• Cuscuton-like contribution to dark energy evolution
• Mimicking the $\Lambda$CDM Universe through inhomogeneous space-time
• Constraining Axially Symmetric Bianchi Type I Model with Self-Consistent Recombination History and Observables
• A pressure parametric dark energy model
• Can dark energy explain a high growth index?
• Confronting Einstein Yang Mills Higgs Dark Energy in light of observations
• An Alternative Approach to the Exact Solution of FRW-Type Spacetime with a Generalized Chaplygin Gas
• Results from Hubble parameter data: oscillating dark energy?
• Constraining nonminimal f(T) gravity from Primordial Nucleosynthesis to Late-Universe observations
• Observational constraints on the free parameters of an interacting Bose-Einstein gas as a dark-energy model
• Towards a Machine Learning Solution for Hubble Tension: Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) Analysis of Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy in Presence of Neutrinos
• Strengthening interacting agegraphic dark energy DGP constraints with local measurements and multimessenger forecastings
• Kaniadakis holographic dark energy: observational constraints and global dynamics
• Pushing spectral siren cosmology into the third-generation era: a blinded mock data challenge
• Compact Objects in 4D Einstein Gauss Bonnet Gravity A Data Based Perspective
• A dynamical dark energy solution to Hubble-Lemaître tension in the light of the multimessenger era
• Is Dark Energy Increasing or Decreasing in the Late Universe?
• Cosmological Model Independent Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation with Updated Gamma-Ray Burst Observations: An Artificial Neural Network Approach
• Exploring the cosmological degeneracy between decaying dark matter model and viscous $\Lambda$CDM
• Cosmology with Type II Supernovae
• Ricci-Cubic Holographic Dark Energy: Confronting Observations, Stability and the Cosmic Coincidence Problem
• Observational Constraints on Chaplygin Gas Models in Non-Minimally Coupled Power Law $f(Q)$ Gravity with Quasars
• Cosmic Acceleration Caused by the Extra-Dimensional Evolution in a Generalized Randall-Sundrum Model
• Observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology
• Assessing the potential of cluster edges as a standard ruler
• Kinematical models of latetime cosmology and the statefinder diagnostic
• Quintessence dark energy model in non-linear $f(Q)$ theory with bulk-viscosity
• Cosmological constraints on the big bang quantum cosmology model
• Heterogeneity of Inverted Calcium II H:K Ratio Cluster Galaxies
• Some Classes of Interacting Two-Fluid Model of the Expanding Universe
• Exploring Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration in VCDM Cosmology
• Constraining the Hubble Constant with a Simulated Full Covariance Matrix Using Neural Networks
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using model-independent approach
• A Quantitative Framework for Testing the Hubble Tension in a Bianchi Type I Cosmological Background
• EFT of Dark Energy with Cosmic Chronometers: Reconstructing Background EFT Functions
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Reconstruction of a dark energy model for the Dirac-Born-Infeld scalar field with the Hubble and DESI data via Gaussian process
• Effective $\Lambda$CDM model emerging from $f(Q,T)$ under a special EOS limit in symmetric cosmology with Bayesian and ANN observational constraints
• A comparative study of emergent dark energy models
• Probing the Hubble Tension with an Infinite-Future Condition on the Hubble Parameter
• Preliminary cosmological results using extreme accretors Quasar formalism
• Cosmography via stellar archaeology of low-redshift early-type galaxies from SDSS
• $G_3$ -- interacting scalar tensor dark energy
• Cosmological test of a length-preserving biconnection gravity
• Model-independent reconstruction of cosmic thermodynamics and dark energy dynamics
• The model-independent degeneracy-breaking point in cosmological models with interacting Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Cosmic Dynamics in Einstein-Cartan Theory: Analysing Hubble Tension through Curvature and Torsion field
• Background dynamics and observational constraints of flat and non-flat $\Lambda (t)$CDM models from $H(z)$ and DESI DR2 BAO measurements
• Is Dark Energy an Effective Manifestation of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics? -- Insights from DESI
• Cosmic chronometers with galaxy clusters: a new avenue for multi-probe cosmology
• Correspondence between particle creation and dark components interaction in the context of $f(\mathcal{G})$ gravity
• Running Einstein Constant and a Possible Vacuum State of the Universe
• Kinematic Probes of Type-II MMG: Padé Cosmographic Analysis of VCDM
• Yano-Schrödinger Hyperfluid: Cosmological Implications
• Constraints on AvERA Cosmologies from Cosmic Chronometers and Type Ia Supernovae
• Physical Implications and Updated Observational Constraints of the PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model
• Observational Constraints and Geometric Diagnostics of Barboza-Alcaniz and Logarithmic Dark Energy Parametrizations
• Nature-inspired optimization, the Philippine Eagle, and cosmological parameter estimation
• Implications of a high growth index on the variation of $G$
• Genetic algorithm demystified for cosmological parameter estimation
• Revisiting the Matter Creation Process: Observational Constraints on Gravitationally Induced Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• Geometric formulation of $k$-essence and late-time acceleration
• FLRW Kinematic-Induced Measurement of the Hubble Constant from Cosmic Chronometer and Redshift Drift Observations
• Optimizing Gaussian Process Kernels Using Nested Sampling and ABC Rejection for H(z) Reconstruction
• Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration from QCD Confinement Dynamics
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• Testing the CCC+TL cosmology with cosmic-chronometer measurements of the Hubble parameter