Testing dark energy models with $H(z)$ data

Abstract

$Om(z)$ is a diagnostic approach to distinguish dark energy models. However, there are few articles to discuss what is the distinguishing criterion. In this paper, firstly we smooth the latest observational $H(z)$ data using a model-independent method -- Gaussian processes, and then reconstruct the $Om(z)$ and its fist order derivative ${\mathcal{L}}_m^{(1)}$. Such reconstructions not only could be the distinguishing criteria, but also could be used to estimate the authenticity of models. We choose some popular models to study, such as $\Lambda$CDM, generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model, Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization and Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP) parametrization. We plot the trajectories of $Om(z)$ and ${\mathcal{L}}_m^{(1)}$ with $1\sigma$ confidence level of these models, and compare them to the reconstruction from $H(z)$ data set. The result indicates that the $H(z)$ data does not favor the CPL and JBP models at $1\sigma$ confidence level. Strangely, in high redshift range, the reconstructed ${\mathcal{L}}_m^{(1)}$ has a tendency of deviation from theoretical value, which demonstrates these models are disagreeable with high redshift $H(z)$ data. This result supports the conclusions of Sahni et al. \citep{sahni2014model} and Ding et al. \citep{ding2015there} that the $\Lambda$CDM may not be the best description of our universe.

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