The Pantheon+ Analysis: Evaluating Peculiar Velocity Corrections in Cosmological Analyses with Nearby Type Ia Supernovae

Abstract

Separating the components of redshift due to expansion and peculiar motion in the nearby universe ($z<0.1$) is critical for using Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) to measure the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and the equation-of-state parameter of dark energy ($w$). Here, we study the two dominant 'motions' contributing to nearby peculiar velocities: large-scale, coherent-flow (CF) motions and small-scale motions due to gravitationally associated galaxies deemed to be in a galaxy group. We use a set of 584 low-$z$ SNe from the Pantheon+ sample, and evaluate the efficacy of corrections to these motions by measuring the improvement of SN distance residuals. We study multiple methods for modeling the large and small-scale motions and show that, while group assignments and CF corrections individually contribute to small improvements in Hubble residual scatter, the greatest improvement comes from the combination of the two (relative standard deviation of the Hubble residuals, Rel. SD, improves from 0.167 to 0.157 mag). We find the optimal flow corrections derived from various local density maps significantly reduce Hubble residuals while raising $H_0$ by $\sim 0.4$ km s${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$ as compared to using CMB redshifts, disfavoring the hypothesis that unrecognized local structure could resolve the Hubble tension. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties in cosmological parameters after optimally correcting redshifts are 0.06-0.11 km s${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$ in $H_0$ and 0.02-0.03 in $w$ which are smaller than the statistical uncertainties for these measurements: 1.5 km s${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-1}$ for $H_0$ and 0.04 for $w$.

arXiv comment22 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (87)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Spectra and redshifts
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
• Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Final Redshift Release (DR3) and Southern Large-Scale Structures
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release
• Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves
• Supernova Constraints and Systematic Uncertainties from the First 3 Years of the Supernova Legacy Survey
• The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
• BVRI Light Curves for 22 Type Ia Supernovae
• The 2MASS Redshift Survey - Description and Data Release
• First-year Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Results: Hubble Diagram and Cosmological Parameters
• Cosmicflows-2: The Data
• The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia Supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints
• The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXVIII. Combining the Constraints on the Hubble Constant
• A Conceptual Introduction to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
• CfA3: 185 Type Ia Supernova Light Curves from the CfA
• Cosmicflows-3
• The Thirteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey MApping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• The Dependence of Type Ia Supernova Luminosities on their Host Galaxies
• On the Hubble constant tension in the SNe Ia Pantheon sample
• UBVRI Light Curves of 44 Type Ia Supernovae
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble constant constraints
• Hubble Residuals of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae Are Correlated with Host Galaxy Masses
• The Effect of Host Galaxies on Type Ia Supernovae in the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• Cosmological parameters from the comparison of peculiar velocities with predictions from the 2M++ density field
• Correcting Type Ia Supernova Distances for Selection Biases and Contamination in Photometrically Identified Samples
• Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey
• SOUSA: the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive
• A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant from GW170817 without the electromagnetic counterpart
• The 2M++ galaxy redshift catalogue
• CfA4: Light Curves for 94 Type Ia Supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: Third Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae and Other White Dwarf Explosions
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: Absolute Calibration and the Hubble Constant
• It's Dust: Solving the Mysteries of the Intrinsic Scatter and Host-Galaxy Dependence of Standardized Type Ia Supernova Brightnesses
• The Hubble Constant from Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Peculiar Velocity Field and Cosmography
• The Foundation Supernova Survey: Motivation, Design, Implementation, and First Data Release
• On the Prediction of Velocity Fields from Redshift Space Galaxy Samples
• The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant
• Galaxy Groups: A 2MASS Catalog
• Photometric SN Ia Candidates from the Three-Year SDSS-II SN Survey Data
• Joint analysis of 6dFGS and SDSS peculiar velocities for the growth rate of cosmic structure and tests of gravity
• First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Analysis, Systematic Uncertainties, and Validation
• Maximum-Likelihood Comparisons of Tully-Fisher and Redshift Data: Constraints on Omega and Biasing
• Galaxy groups in the low-redshift Universe
• Should Type Ia Supernova Distances be Corrected for their Local Environments?
• The 6dF Galaxy Velocity Survey: Cosmological constraints from the velocity power spectrum
• Cosmic flows in the nearby Universe: new peculiar velocities from SNe and cosmological constraints
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Improving the Redshifts and Peculiar Velocities of Type Ia Supernovae Used in Cosmological Analyses
• Velocity correction for Hubble constant measurements from standard sirens
• The Foundation Supernova Survey: Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Supernovae from a Single Telescope
• First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernova from the Dark Energy Survey: Simulations to Correct Supernova Distance Biases
• Cosmological Constraints from Type Ia Supernovae Peculiar Velocity Measurements
• Cosmological Parameters from the Comparison of the 2MASS Gravity Field with Peculiar Velocity Surveys
• The peculiar velocity field up to $z\sim 0.05$ by forward-modeling Cosmicflows-3 data
• The Velocity Field from Type Ia Supernovae Matches the Gravity Field from Galaxy Surveys
• Lick Observatory Supernova Search Follow-Up Program: Photometry Data Release of 93 Type Ia Supernovae
• Can redshift errors bias measurements of the Hubble Constant?
• Standard Siren Speeds: Improving velocities in gravitational-wave measurements of $H_0$
• The Impact of Peculiar Velocities on the Estimation of the Hubble Constant from Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens
• The Peculiar Velocities of Local Type Ia Supernovae and their Impact on Cosmology
• Measuring the growth rate of structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST
• Constrained realizations of 2MRS density and peculiar velocity fields: growth rate and local flow
• The need for accurate redshifts in supernova cosmology
• Peculiar-velocity cosmology with Types Ia and II supernovae
• The 2MASS Redshift Survey in the Zone of Avoidance
• Peculiar velocities in the local Universe: comparison of different models and the implications for $H_0$ and dark matter
• Effects of Supernova Redshift Uncertainties on the Determination of Cosmological Parameters
• Local gravitational redshifts can bias cosmological measurements
• Complementarity of Peculiar Velocity Surveys and Redshift Space Distortions for Testing Gravity
• The 2MASS redshift survey galaxy group catalogue derived from a graph-theory based friends-of-friends algorithm
• Turning noise into signal: learning from the scatter in the Hubble diagram
• Bulk flow in the combined 2MTF and 6dFGSv surveys
• Assessing the accuracy of cosmological parameters estimated from velocity -- density comparisons via simulations
• Testing Gravity Using Type Ia Supernovae Discovered by Next-Generation Wide-Field Imaging Surveys
• The effects of peculiar velocities in SN Ia environments on the local $H_0$ measurement
• Assessment of the Systematic Uncertainties in the Cosmological Analysis of the SDSS Supernovae Photometric Sample
• The First Data Release of CNIa0.02 -- A Complete Nearby (Redshift <0.02) Sample of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves

Cited by in corpus (55)

• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release
• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Is the Observable Universe Consistent with the Cosmological Principle?
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: SuperCal-Fragilistic Cross Calibration, Retrained SALT2 Light Curve Model, and Calibration Systematic Uncertainty
• Model-independent cosmological inference post DESI DR1 BAO measurements
• The DESI DR1/DR2 evidence for dynamical dark energy is biased by low-redshift supernovae
• Inference of the cosmic rest-frame from supernovae Ia
• Gravity in the Local Universe : density and velocity fields using CosmicFlows-4
• An updated measurement of the Hubble constant from near-infrared observations of Type Ia supernovae
• No rungs attached: A distance-ladder free determination of the Hubble constant through type II supernova spectral modelling
• DESI Peculiar Velocity Survey -- Fundamental Plane
• Large-scale motions and growth rate from forward-modelling Tully-Fisher peculiar velocities
• Expansion-history preferences of DESI DR2 and external data
• Cosmological foundations revisited with Pantheon+
• Bulk Flow Motion Detection in the Local Universe with Pantheon$+$ Type Ia Supernovae
• Testing the isotropy of cosmic acceleration with Pantheon+ and SH0ES: A cosmographic analysis
• Consistent extinction model for type Ia supernovae in Cepheid-based calibration galaxies and its impact on $H_0$
• Holographic and Gravity-Thermodynamic Approaches in Entropic Cosmology: Bayesian Assessment using late-time Data
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Cosmological Analysis and Systematic Uncertainties
• WALLABY Pre-Pilot and Pilot Survey: the Tully Fisher Relation in Eridanus, Hydra, Norma and NGC4636 fields
• A preference for dynamical phantom dark energy using one-parameter model with Planck, DESI DR1 BAO and SN data
• Reconstructing dark matter distribution with peculiar velocities: Bayesian forward modelling with corrections for inhomogeneous Malmquist bias
• Cosmological distances with general-relativistic ray tracing: framework and comparison to cosmographic predictions
• A generalized mass-to-horizon relation: a new global approach to entropic cosmologies and its connection to $\Lambda$CDM
• The DEHVILS Survey Overview and Initial Data Release: High-Quality Near-Infrared Type Ia Supernova Light Curves at Low Redshift
• Environmental Dependence of Type Ia Supernovae in Low-Redshift Galaxy Clusters
• Revisiting cosmic acceleration with DESI BAO
• Neural network reconstruction of density and velocity fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey
• Two per cent measurement of $H_0$ from Cepheids alone
• Tomographic redshift dipole: Testing the cosmological principle
• Reconstruction of the singularity-free $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity via Raychaudhuri equations
• Solar System-scale interferometry on fast radio bursts could measure cosmic distances with sub-percent precision
• An Analysis of Variance of the Pantheon+ Dataset: Systematics in the Covariance Matrix?
• Hawai'i Supernova Flows: A Peculiar Velocity Survey Using Over a Thousand Supernovae in the Near-Infrared
• Is Chevallier-Polarski-Linder dark energy a mirage?
• The Velocity Field Olympics: Assessing velocity field reconstructions with direct distance tracers
• Learning the Universe: Learning to Optimize Cosmic Initial Conditions with Non-Differentiable Structure Formation Models
• WiFeS observations of nearby southern Type Ia supernova host galaxies
• The DEHVILS in the Details: Type Ia Supernova Hubble Residual Comparisons and Mass Step Analysis in the Near-Infrared
• No evidence for local $H_0$ anisotropy from Tully--Fisher or supernova distances
• Improving the Determination of Supernova Cosmological Redshifts by Using Galaxy Groups
• Biases in velocity reconstruction: investigating the effects on growth rate and expansion measurements in the local universe
• A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
• Missing Components in ΛCDM from DESI Y1 BAO Measurements: Insights from Redshift Remapping
• Geometric acceleration in $f(Q,C)$ theories
• The DESI DR1 Peculiar Velocity Survey: global zero-point and $H_0$ constraints
• A Spectrum of Cosmological Rips and Their Observational Signatures
• Joint Curvature and Growth Rate measurements with Supernova Peculiar Velocities and the CMB
• Confirming the uniformity of the Hubble flow with Pantheon+ Supernovae
• The Effect of Foreground Galaxies on the Estimation of the Hubble Constant from Type Ia Supernovae
• A Bayesian estimator for peculiar velocity correction in cosmological inference from supernovae data
• $S_8$ from peculiar velocities: agreement with Planck for Tully--Fisher and supernovae, tension for the fundamental plane