Joint Curvature and Growth Rate measurements with Supernova Peculiar Velocities and the CMB

Abstract

Type Ia supernova (SN) magnitudes present correlations due to the fact that their peculiar velocities are sourced by the large-scale structure of the Universe. This effect can be used to constrain properties related to the distribution and growth of matter perturbations. We analyze both Pantheon+ and Dark Energy Survey (DES-Y5 and DES-Dovekie) SN catalogues in combination with CMB data from Planck PR4 to constrain ${\sigma }_8$ in $\Lambda$CDM, optionally including both curvature and a modified growth index $\gamma$. We show that SN and CMB datasets are highly complementary and capable of measuring ${\sigma }_8$, $\gamma$ and ${\Omega }_k$ simultaneously. Using only SN, we find ${\sigma }_8=0.73\pm 0.22$ ($0.70_{-0.38}^{+0.31}$) [$1.02_{-0.45}^{+0.38}$] for Pantheon+ (DES-Y5) [DES-Dovekie] in the base flat $\Lambda$CDM model. Interestingly, allowing for free $\gamma$ and ${\Omega }_k$, we find hints of positive curvature: ${\Omega }_k=-0.011\pm 0.006$ $(-0.013_{-0.006}^{+0.005})$ $[-0.008_{-0.006}^{+0.004}]$, which exclude flatness at 2.0$\sigma$ (2.6$\sigma$) [1.8$\sigma$], for the combination of CMB with Pantheon+ (DES-Y5) [DES-Dovekie]. Such hints do not degrade if we also include a modified amplitude of CMB lensing, parametrized by $A_L$. We find that $\gamma =0.519_{-0.099}^{+0.061}$ ($0.500_{-0.098}^{+0.054}$) [$0.525_{-0.073}^{+0.074}$], which are consistent with the predictions of General Relativity. Finally, the strong degeneracy between all three ${\Omega }_k$, $\gamma$ and $H_0$ results in a broader CMB $H_0$ posterior. However, if we include SH0ES $H_0$ data, which is in known strong tension with the CMB in flat $\Lambda$CDM, we find that the $H_0$ tension is recast in terms of a significantly negative curvature and suppressed growth of structures.

Included analysis of DES-Dovekie. Small correction in DES-Y5 analysis. New appendix with more details on the H0 tension. Accepted for publication in Phys. Dark Universe

References in corpus (28)

• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release
• Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Correcting Type Ia Supernova Distances for Selection Biases and Contamination in Photometrically Identified Samples
• Cosmic Microwave Weak lensing data as a test for the dark universe
• Cosmological parameters derived from the final (PR4) Planck data release
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: SuperCal-Fragilistic Cross Calibration, Retrained SALT2 Light Curve Model, and Calibration Systematic Uncertainty
• SALT3: An Improved Type Ia Supernova Model for Measuring Cosmic Distances
• Cosmicflows-4
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Improving the Redshifts and Peculiar Velocities of Type Ia Supernovae Used in Cosmological Analyses
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Evaluating Peculiar Velocity Corrections in Cosmological Analyses with Nearby Type Ia Supernovae
• Evidence for suppression of structure growth in the concordance cosmological model
• Measuring the growth rate of structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST
• Growth factor parametrization in curved space
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: A Reanalysis Of Cosmology Results And Evidence For Evolving Dark Energy With An Updated Type Ia Supernova Calibration
• Peculiar-velocity cosmology with Types Ia and II supernovae
• SALT2 Versus SALT3: Updated Model Surfaces and Their Impacts on Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
• Complementarity of Peculiar Velocity Surveys and Redshift Space Distortions for Testing Gravity
• DESI Peculiar Velocity Survey -- Fundamental Plane
• Planck-PR4 anisotropy spectra show (better) consistency with General Relativity
• The 6x2pt method: supernova velocities meet multiple tracers
• Exploring the Growth Index ${\gamma }_L$: Insights from Different CMB Dataset Combinations and Approaches
• Neutrino mass tension or suppressed growth rate of matter perturbations?
• Forecast for growth-rate measurement using peculiar velocities from LSST supernovae
• Lensing amplitude anomaly and varying electron mass alleviate the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions
• Hawai'i Supernova Flows: A Peculiar Velocity Survey Using Over a Thousand Supernovae in the Near-Infrared