The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release

Abstract

Here we present 1701 light curves of 1550 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that will be used to infer cosmological parameters as part of the Pantheon+ SN analysis and the SH0ES (Supernovae and H0 for the Equation of State of dark energy) distance-ladder analysis. This effort is one part of a series of works that perform an extensive review of redshifts, peculiar velocities, photometric calibration, and intrinsic-scatter models of SNe Ia. The total number of light curves, which are compiled across 18 different surveys, is a significant increase from the first Pantheon analysis (1048 SNe), particularly at low redshift ($z$). Furthermore, unlike in the Pantheon analysis, we include light curves for SNe with $z<0.01$ such that SN systematic covariance can be included in a joint measurement of the Hubble constant (H${}_0$) and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter ($w$). We use the large sample to compare properties of 151 SNe Ia observed by multiple surveys and 12 pairs/triplets of "SN siblings" - SNe found in the same host galaxy. Distance measurements, application of bias corrections, and inference of cosmological parameters are discussed in the companion paper by Brout et al. (2022b), and the determination of H${}_0$ is discussed by Riess et al. (2022). These analyses will measure w with $\sim 3\%$ precision and H${}_0$ with 1 km/s/Mpc precision.

Submitted to ApJL. Comments welcome. Papers and data release here: https://github.com/PantheonPlusSH0ES/PantheonPlusSH0ES.github.io

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• Neutrino mass limits and decaying dark matter: background evolution versus perturbations
• Probing Interacting Dark Sectors with upcoming Post-Reionization and Galaxy Surveys
• Anchors no more: Using peculiar velocities to constrain $H_0$ and the primordial Universe without calibrators
• Diagnostic Consistency Tests of the Concordance Cosmology
• Dark Energy After DESI DR2: Observational Status, Reconstructions, and Physical Models
• Holographic dark energy in a coasting cosmology
• Cosmological Dynamics of Exponential Quintessence Constrained by BAO, Cosmic Chronometers, and DES-SN5YR/Pantheon+ Data
• Is it possible to separate baryonic from dark matter within the $\Lambda$-CDM formalism?
• Reconstruction of Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy via Modified Non-Metric Gravity: An $f(Q,C)$ Approach
• Observational constraints on phenomenological emergent dark energy and barotropic dark matter characterized by a constant equation of state parameter
• Cosmology in energy-momentum squared symmetric teleparallel gravity
• Conformal Killing Gravity: New Constraints from DESI DR2 BAO datasets
• Testing Linearly Coasting Cosmology by Strong Lensing System and Pantheon+ Data
• A comprehensive dynamical and phenomenological analysis of structure growth in curvature-modulated coupled quintessence scenario
• A semi-cosmographic approach to study cosmological evolution in phase space
• Probing Time-Varying Dark Energy with DESI: The Crucial Role of Precision Matter Density (Ω_{m0}) Measurements
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program results: Type Ia Supernova brightness correlates with host galaxy dust
• Inference of cosmological models with principal component analysis
• Dusty Clump Survival in Supernova Ejecta: Dust-Mediated Growth vs. Crushing by the Reverse Shock
• Agegraphic dark energy from entropy of the anti-de Sitter black hole
• Cosmological implications and causality in $f(R,L_m,T)$ gravity theory with observational constraints
• Induced cosmological anisotropy by a gauge-gravity interaction
• Geometric acceleration in $f(Q,C)$ theories
• Testing the Distance Duality Relation with Cosmological Observations at high Redshift using Artificial Neural Network
• Analytic Marginalization over Binary Variables in Physics Data
• Testing the CCC+TL cosmology with cosmic-chronometer measurements of the Hubble parameter
• A hybrid method for reconstruction of the equation of state of dark energy and its application to Pantheon+SH0ES data
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• Investigating a Possible Variation of the Gravitational Constant Through Gas Mass Fraction Measurements and Type Ia Supernovae Observations
• A Quantum Genetic Algorithm with application to Cosmological Parameters Estimation
• Systematic Light Propagation Bias from the Heliosphere and Its Impact on the Hubble Tension
• Thermodynamic reconstruction in observationally constrained dynamical dark energy models
• Confirming the uniformity of the Hubble flow with Pantheon+ Supernovae
• The Effect of Foreground Galaxies on the Estimation of the Hubble Constant from Type Ia Supernovae
• Testing the Anton-Schmidt dark energy model with the DESI DR2 measurements
• On dark sector scalar field theories driven by cosmological $c$-fields
• On the energy flow of $\lambda$ in Hořava-Lifshitz cosmology
• Modifying $\Lambda$CDM dynamics via out-of-equilibrium axions: reconciling SH0ES and DESI $H_0$ values
• APES: Approximate Posterior Ensemble Sampler
• Revisiting the Matter Creation Process: Observational Constraints on Gravitationally Induced Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• Revisiting the equation of state of dark energy from DESI BAO with SNe Ia and CMB
• Extended datasamples under the lens of Brane World Theory
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Testing a Sign-Switch Cosmological Model with Curvature through Latest Planck 2018, DESI DR2 and PantheonPlus\&SH0ES Observational Data
• Cosmic Dipoles from Large-Scale Structure Surveys
• How to embed any likelihood into SBI: Application to Planck + Stage IV galaxy surveys and Dynamical Dark Energy
• Nature-inspired optimization, the Philippine Eagle, and cosmological parameter estimation
• Sample Variance for Supernovae Distance Measurements and the Hubble tension
• Running Hubble Constant with the Redshift as a Marker of Evolutionary Dark Energy
• Cosmology of Cubic Poincaré Gauge gravity
• Training Custom Light Curve Models of SN Ia Sub-Populations Selected According to Host Galaxy Properties
• A Spectrum of Cosmological Rips and Their Observational Signatures
• Cosmological Implications of Thermodynamic Split Conjecture
• How Dark is Dark Energy? A Lightcones Comparison Approach
• Genetic algorithm demystified for cosmological parameter estimation
• Running Einstein Constant and a Possible Vacuum State of the Universe
• Constraints on AvERA Cosmologies from Cosmic Chronometers and Type Ia Supernovae
• Aletheia: Emulating the non-linear matter power spectrum in the context of evolution mapping
• Scaling solutions in three-form cosmology
• From Geometry to Observation: Gravitational Waves and the Raychaudhuri Equation
• Observational and Thermodynamic aspects of one-dimensional Dark Energy EoS parametrization models
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Statistical consistency of sign-switching vacuum energy with cosmological observations
• $S_8$ from peculiar velocities: agreement with Planck for Tully--Fisher and supernovae, tension for the fundamental plane
• Joint Curvature and Growth Rate measurements with Supernova Peculiar Velocities and the CMB
• Model-independent reconstruction of cosmic thermodynamics and dark energy dynamics
• A Bayesian estimator for peculiar velocity correction in cosmological inference from supernovae data
• Kinematic reconstruction of torsion as dark energy in Friedmann cosmology
• The Lambert $W$ equation of state in light of DESI BAO
• Structural Limitations on Constraining the Time Evolution of Dark Energy
• Controlled Tension Forecasting: Quantifying Cross-Probe Biases in ${\omega }_0{\omega }_a$CDM
• Beyond the Cosmological Constant: Breaking the Geometric Degeneracy of $f(Q)$ cosmology via Redshift-Space Distortions
• A speed limit on tachyon fields from cosmological and fine-structure data
• FlowSN: Neural Simulation-Based Inference under Realistic Selection Effects applied to Supernova Cosmology
• Reconstructing the Type Ia Supernova Absolute Magnitude with Two-Probe Physics-Informed Neural Networks
• Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
• Constraining Spatial Curvature with Priors from Swampland Conjectures
• Cosmological and lunar laser ranging constraints on evolving dark energy in a nonminimally coupled curvature-matter gravity model
• Preliminary cosmological results using extreme accretors Quasar formalism
• Redshift Duality with Pantheon+SH0ES in a Planck-anchored Flat $\Lambda$CDM Framework: Implications for Hubble Tension and Observational Inference
• Kinematic Probes of Type-II MMG: Padé Cosmographic Analysis of VCDM
• Observational Constraints and Cosmological Dynamics of Interacting Fractional Holographic Dark Energy in Light of DESI DR2