JWST early Universe observations and ΛCDM cosmology

Abstract

Deep space observations of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed that the structure and masses of very early Universe galaxies at high redshifts (z~15), existing at ~0.3 Gyr after the BigBang, maybe as evolved as the galaxies in existence for ~10 Gyr. The JWST findings are thus in strong tension with the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. While tired light (TL) models have been shown to comply with the JWST angular galaxy size data, they cannot satisfactorily explain isotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations or fit the supernovae distance modulus vs. redshift data well. We have developed hybrid models that include the tired light concept in the expanding universe. The hybrid $\Lambda$CDM model fits the supernovae type 1a data well but not the JWST observations. We present a model with covarying coupling constants (CCC), starting from the modified FLRW metric and resulting Einstein and Friedmann equations, and a CCC+TL hybrid model. They fit the Pantheon+ data admirably, and the CCC+TL model is compliant with the JWST observations. It stretches the age of the universe to 26.7 Gyr with 5.8 Gyr at z=10 and 3.5 Gyr at z=20, giving enough time to form massive galaxies. It thus resolves the 'impossible early galaxy' problem without requiring the existence of primordial black hole seeds or modified power spectrum, rapid formation of massive population III stars, and super Eddington accretion rates. One could infer the CCC model as an extension of the $\Lambda$CDM model with a dynamic cosmological constant.

arXiv comment16 pages, 7 figures. Published in MNRAS 524, 3385-3395 (2023)

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• What if the universe expands linearly? A local general relativity to solve the "zero active mass" problem
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• Some Old Globular Clusters (and Stars) Inferring That the Universe Is Older Than Commonly Accepted
• Novel Cosmological Joint Constraints in Multidimensional Observables Space with Redshift-free Inferences
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• Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors
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• A simple direct empirical observation of systematic bias of the redshift as a distance indicator
• Stringent constraint on the CCC+TL cosmology with $H(z)$ Measurements
• Evolution of Size, Mass, and Density of Galaxies Since Cosmic Dawn
• Dark energy, spatial curvature, and star formation efficiency from JWST photometric and spectroscopic high-redshift galaxies
• Dark Secrets of Baryons: Illuminating Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions with JWST
• Modified Cosmology or Modified Galaxy Astrophysics is Driving the z>6 JWST Results? CMB Experiments can discover the Origin in the Near Future
• A physically-motivated template set for high-z galaxy SED fitting
• Calibration of the [C/N] and [Y/Mg] chemical clocks with asteroseismic ages from the TESS space mission
• Electromagnetic Waves in Cosmological Space-Time II. Luminosity Distance
• Photon frequency variation in non-linear electro-magnetism
• Brans-Dicke-like field for co-varying $G$ and $c$: observational constraints
• Current constraints on the minimally extended varying speed of light model through the cosmic distance duality relation
• Redshift Duality with Pantheon+SH0ES in a Planck-anchored Flat $\Lambda$CDM Framework: Implications for Hubble Tension and Observational Inference
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