The Identification of a Dusty Multiarm Spiral Galaxy at $z=3.06$ with JWST and ALMA

Abstract

Spiral arms serve crucial purposes in star formation and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we report the identification of A2744-DSG-$z3$, a dusty, multiarm spiral galaxy at $z=3.059$ using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRISS imaging and grism spectroscopy. A2744-DSG-$z3$ was discovered as a gravitationally lensed sub-millimeter galaxy with ALMA. This is the most distant stellar spiral structure seen thus far, consistent with cosmological simulations which suggest $z\approx 3$ as the epoch when spirals emerge. Thanks to the gravitational lensing and excellent spatial resolution of JWST, the spiral arms are resolved with a spatial resolution of $\approx 290$\,pc. Based on SED fitting, the spiral galaxy has a de-lensed star formation rate of $85\pm 30M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, and a stellar mass of $\approx 10^{10.6}{M}_{\odot }$, indicating that A2744-DSG-$z3$ is a main-sequence galaxy. After fitting the spiral arms, we find a stellar effective radius ($R_{e,\mathrm{star}}$) of $5.0\pm 1.5$ kpc. Combing with ALMA measurements, we find that the effective radii ratio between dust and stars is $\approx 0.4$, similar to {those} of massive SFGs at $z\sim 2$, indicating a compact dusty core in A2744-DSG-$z3$. Moreover, this galaxy appears to be living in a group environment: including A2744-DSG-$z3$, at least three galaxies at $z=3.05-3.06$ {are} spectroscopically confirmed by JWST/NIRISS and ALMA, residing within a lensing-corrected projected scale of $\approx 70$ kpc. This, along with the asymmetric brightness profile, further suggests that the spiral arms may be triggered by minor merger events at $z\gtrsim 3$.

Main text 9 pages, four figures in the main text, and three figures in the appendix; accepted for publication by ApJL

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