Varying Coupling Constants and Their Interdependence

Abstract

Since Dirac predicted in 1937 possible variation of gravitational constant and other coupling constants from his large number hypothesis, efforts continue to determine such variation without success. Such efforts focus on the variation of one constant while assuming all others pegged to their currently measured values. We show that the variations of the speed of light $c$, the gravitational constant $G$, the Planck constant $h$, and the Boltzmann constant $k$ are interrelated: $G\sim c^3\sim h^{3/2}\sim k^{3/2}$. Thus, constraining any one of the constants leads to inadvertently constraining all the others. It may not be possible to determine the variation of a constant without concurrently considering the variation of others. We discuss several astrophysical observations that have been explained recently with the concomitant variation of two or more constants. We also analyze the reported and unexplained 35 micro-gram decrease of 1 Kg Pt-Ir working standards over 22 years of measurements and show that the Kibble balance, that measures mass in units of Planck constant, cannot determine the variation of h when h and c variations are interrelated as determined in here.

6 pages. This version has been corrected for the error in the variation of the Planck constant

References in corpus (8)

• Measuring the speed of light with Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
• Cosmology with relativistically varying physical constants
• Observational constraint on the varying speed of light theory
• Effect of evolutionary physical constants on type-1a supernova luminosity
• A search for the variation of speed of light using galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements
• Mixed Quantum States with Variable Planck Constant
• Can a variable gravitational constant resolve the Faint Young Sun Paradox ?
• Varying physical constants and the lithium problem

Cited by in corpus (11)

• JWST early Universe observations and ΛCDM cosmology
• Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Observed BAO Features
• Dynamical analysis of the covarying coupling constants in scalar-tensor gravity
• Constraining Coupling Constants' Variation with Supernovae, Quasars, and GRBs
• Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Galaxy Rotation Curves
• Stringent constraint on the CCC+TL cosmology with $H(z)$ Measurements
• Constraining Co-Varying Coupling Constants from Globular Cluster Age
• Evolution of Size, Mass, and Density of Galaxies Since Cosmic Dawn
• Constraining the Hubble parameter with the 21 cm brightness temperature signal in a universe with inhomogeneities
• Brans-Dicke-like field for co-varying $G$ and $c$: observational constraints
• Stochastic Approach to Determining the Mass Standard Based on the Fixed Values of Fundamental Physical Constants