Asteroseismic constraints on the cosmic-time variation of the gravitational constant from an ancient main-sequence star

Abstract

We investigate the variation of the gravitational constant $G$ over the history of the Universe by modeling the effects on the evolution and asteroseismology of the low-mass star KIC 7970740, which is one of the oldest (~11 Gyr) and best-observed solar-like oscillators in the Galaxy. From these data we find $\dot{G}/G=(1.2\pm 2.6)\times 10^{-12}{\text{yr}}^{-1}$, that is, no evidence for any variation in $G$. We also find a Bayesian asteroseismic estimate of the age of the Universe as well as astrophysical S-factors for five nuclear reactions obtained through a 12-dimensional stellar evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation.

5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

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