The Dark Energy Survey: Cosmology Results With ~1500 New High-redshift Type Ia Supernovae Using The Full 5-year Dataset

Abstract

We present cosmological constraints from the sample of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) discovered during the full five years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Supernova Program. In contrast to most previous cosmological samples, in which SN are classified based on their spectra, we classify the DES SNe using a machine learning algorithm applied to their light curves in four photometric bands. Spectroscopic redshifts are acquired from a dedicated follow-up survey of the host galaxies. After accounting for the likelihood of each SN being a SN Ia, we find 1635 DES SNe in the redshift range $0.10<z<1.13$ that pass quality selection criteria sufficient to constrain cosmological parameters. This quintuples the number of high-quality $z>0.5$ SNe compared to the previous leading compilation of Pantheon+, and results in the tightest cosmological constraints achieved by any SN data set to date. To derive cosmological constraints we combine the DES supernova data with a high-quality external low-redshift sample consisting of 194 SNe Ia spanning $0.025<z<0.10$. Using SN data alone and including systematic uncertainties we find ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{M}}=0.352\pm 0.017$ in flat $\Lambda$CDM. Supernova data alone now require acceleration ($q_0<0$ in $\Lambda$CDM) with over $5\sigma$ confidence. We find $({\Omega }_{\mathrm{M}},w)=(0.264_{-0.096}^{+0.074},-0.80_{-0.16}^{+0.14})$ in flat $w$CDM. For flat $w_0{w}_a$CDM, we find $({\Omega }_{\mathrm{M}},w_0,w_a)=(0.495_{-0.043}^{+0.033},-0.36_{-0.30}^{+0.36},-8.8_{-4.5}^{+3.7})$. Including Planck CMB data, SDSS BAO data, and DES $3\times 2$-point data gives $({\Omega }_{\mathrm{M}},w)=(0.321\pm 0.007,-0.941\pm 0.026)$. In all cases dark energy is consistent with a cosmological constant to within $\sim 2\sigma$. In our analysis, systematic errors on cosmological parameters are subdominant compared to statistical errors; paving the way for future photometrically classified supernova analyses.

arXiv comment26 pages, 13 figures; Accepted by ApJL 29 March 2024; v3 updates to accepted version and includes links to data; v4 corrects negative sign typo in Omega_K for LCDM DES+Planck and reduces an overestimated uncertainty in Omega_L for LCDM DES

References in corpus (83)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z>1 From the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological analysis of the DR12 galaxy sample
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• Exploring the Expansion History of the Universe
• Accelerating Universes with Scaling Dark Matter
• Improved cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of the SDSS-II and SNLS supernova samples
• The Clustering of the SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample I: A 4 per cent Distance Measure at z=0.15
• New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z > 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
• The Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Supernova Survey: V. Improving the Dark Energy Constraints Above z>1 and Building an Early-Type-Hosted Supernova Sample
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory
• A method for optimal image subtraction
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• Bayes in the sky: Bayesian inference and model selection in cosmology
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: The Full Dataset and Light-Curve Release
• Supernova Constraints and Systematic Uncertainties from the First 3 Years of the Supernova Legacy Survey
• The Reddening-Free Decline Rate Versus Luminosity Relationship for Type Ia Supernovae
• Rates and properties of type Ia supernovae as a function of mass and star-formation in their host galaxies
• CfA3: 185 Type Ia Supernova Light Curves from the CfA
• PolyChord: nested sampling for cosmology
• SNLS3: Constraints on Dark Energy Combining the Supernova Legacy Survey Three Year Data with Other Probes
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: BAO and RSD measurements from anisotropic clustering analysis of the Quasar Sample in configuration space between redshift 0.8 and 2.2
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the luminous red galaxy sample from the anisotropic correlation function between redshifts 0.6 and 1
• First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Constraints on Cosmological Parameters
• Type Ia Supernova Distances at z > 1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate
• CfA4: Light Curves for 94 Type Ia Supernovae
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology
• SuperNNova: an open-source framework for Bayesian, Neural Network based supernova classification
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the emission line galaxy sample from the anisotropic power spectrum between redshift 0.6 and 1.1
• Supernova Simulations and Strategies For the Dark Energy Survey
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: SuperCal-Fragilistic Cross Calibration, Retrained SALT2 Light Curve Model, and Calibration Systematic Uncertainty
• The Foundation Supernova Survey: Motivation, Design, Implementation, and First Data Release
• SALT3: An Improved Type Ia Supernova Model for Measuring Cosmic Distances
• Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)
• A More General Model for the Intrinsic Scatter in Type Ia Supernova Distance Moduli
• OzDES multi-fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: first-year operation and results
• High Redshift Supernovae in the Hubble Deep Field
• Host Galaxy Identification for Supernova Surveys
• First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: The Effect of Host Galaxy Properties on Supernova Luminosity
• OzDES multifibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: Three year results and first data release
• anesthetic: nested sampling visualisation
• First Cosmology Results using Type Ia Supernova from the Dark Energy Survey: Simulations to Correct Supernova Distance Biases
• First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Photometric Pipeline and Light Curve Data Release
• Constraints on dark energy with the LOSS SN Ia sample
• OzDES multi-object fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: Results and second data release
• Improved Treatment of Host-Galaxy Correlations in Cosmological Analyses With Type Ia Supernovae
• Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species: Towards cosmology with a million supernovae
• Assessing tension metrics with Dark Energy Survey and Planck data
• Quantifying dimensionality: Bayesian cosmological model complexities
• Spectrophotometric templates for core collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys
• Union Through UNITY: Cosmology with 2,000 SNe Using a Unified Bayesian Framework
• Supernova Host Galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey: I. Deep Coadds, Photometry, and Stellar Masses
• Rates and delay times of type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey
• Photometric Supernova Cosmology with BEAMS and SDSS-II
• First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae From the Dark Energy Survey: Survey Overview and Supernova Spectroscopy
• The Young Supernova Experiment Data Release 1 (YSE DR1): Light Curves and Photometric Classification of 1975 Supernovae
• Concerning Colour: The Effect of Environment on Type Ia Supernova Colour in the Dark Energy Survey
• The Absolute Age of M92
• Data compression in cosmology: A compressed likelihood for Planck data
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Modelling selection efficiency and observed core collapse supernova contamination
• A galaxy-driven model of type Ia supernova luminosity variations
• The Dark Energy Survey 5-year photometrically identified Type Ia Supernovae
• SNIa-Cosmology Analysis Results from Simulated LSST Images: from Difference Imaging to Constraints on Dark Energy
• SALT2 Versus SALT3: Updated Model Surfaces and Their Impacts on Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
• Measuring Cosmological Parameters with Type Ia Supernovae in redMaGiC galaxies
• Binning is Sinning (Supernova Version): The Impact of Self-Calibration in Cosmological Analyses with Type Ia Supernovae
• A Reference Survey for Supernova Cosmology with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Using Host Galaxy Photometric Redshifts to Improve Cosmological Constraints with Type Ia Supernova in the LSST Era
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Cosmological biases from supernova photometric classification
• First Cosmology Results Using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Effects of Chromatic Corrections to Supernova Photometry on Measurements of Cosmological Parameters
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Cosmological Analysis and Systematic Uncertainties
• Using Host Galaxy Spectroscopy to Explore Systematics in the Standardisation of Type Ia Supernovae
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Corrections on photometry due to wavelength-dependent atmospheric effects
• Binning is Sinning: Redemption for Hubble Diagram using Photometrically Classified Type Ia Supernovae
• Probing the Consistency of Cosmological Contours for Supernova Cosmology
• BEAMS: separating the wheat from the chaff in supernova analysis
• Amalgame: Cosmological Constraints from the First Combined Photometric Supernova Sample

Cited by in corpus (14)

• DESI 2024: Reconstructing Dark Energy using Crossing Statistics with DESI DR1 BAO data
• Robust Preference for Dynamical Dark Energy in DESI BAO and SN Measurements
• An overview of what current data can (and cannot yet) say about evolving dark energy
• A new diagnostic for the null test of dynamical dark energy in light of DESI 2024 and other BAO data
• Strong Lensing by Galaxies
• DESI Dark Energy Time Evolution is Recovered by Cosmologically Coupled Black Holes
• $\Lambda$CDM is alive and well
• The Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program: Cosmological Analysis and Systematic Uncertainties
• Revisiting cosmic acceleration with DESI BAO
• Quintessential early dark energy
• Solution of the dark matter riddle within standard model physics: From black holes, galaxies and clusters to cosmology
• Sound Horizon Independent Constraints on Early Dark Energy: The Role of Supernova Data
• [O II] as an Effective Indicator of the Dependence Between the Standardised Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae and the Properties of their Host Galaxies
• Evaluating a Sigmoid Dark Energy Model to Explain the Hubble Tension