The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Peculiar Velocity Field and Cosmography

Abstract

We derive peculiar velocities for the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) and describe the velocity field of the nearby ($z<0.055$) southern hemisphere. The survey comprises 8885 galaxies for which we have previously reported Fundamental Plane data. We obtain peculiar velocity probability distributions for the redshift space positions of each of these galaxies using a Bayesian approach. Accounting for selection bias, we find that the logarithmic distance uncertainty is 0.11 dex, corresponding to $26\%$ in linear distance. We use adaptive kernel smoothing to map the observed 6dFGS velocity field out to $cz\sim 16,000$ \kms, and compare this to the predicted velocity fields from the PSCz Survey and the 2MASS Redshift Survey. We find a better fit to the PSCz prediction, although the reduced ${\chi }^2$ for the whole sample is approximately unity for both comparisons. This means that, within the observational uncertainties due to redshift independent distance errors, observed galaxy velocities and those predicted by the linear approximation from the density field agree. However, we find peculiar velocities that are systematically more positive than model predictions in the direction of the Shapley and Vela superclusters, and systematically more negative than model predictions in the direction of the Pisces-Cetus Supercluster, suggesting contributions from volumes not covered by the models.

22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Table 1 is available in its entirety as an ancillary file. Fully interactive 3D versions of Figures 11 and 12 are also available as ancillary files. A version of this paper with the 3D versions of Figs. 11 and 12 embedded within the pdf can also be accessed from http://www.6dfgs.net/vfield/veldata.pdf

References in corpus (7)

• Kinematics of the Local Universe XIII. 21-cm line measurements of 452 galaxies with the Nançay radiotelescope, JHK Tully-Fisher relation and preliminary maps of the peculiar velocity field
• Reconstructed Density and Velocity Fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey
• SFI++ I: A New I-band Tully-Fisher Template, the Cluster Peculiar Velocity Dispersion and H0
• The 6dF Galaxy Velocity Survey: Cosmological constraints from the velocity power spectrum
• Incorporating interactive 3-dimensional graphics in astronomy research papers
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Fundamental Plane Data
• An Advanced, Three-Dimensional Plotting Library for Astronomy

Cited by in corpus (85)

• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817
• Galaxy Groups: A 2MASS Catalog
• Cosmicflows-4
• Joint analysis of 6dFGS and SDSS peculiar velocities for the growth rate of cosmic structure and tests of gravity
• A blinded determination of $H_0$ from low-redshift Type Ia supernovae, calibrated by Cepheid variables
• Cosmicflows 4: The Calibration of Optical and Infrared Tully-Fisher Relations
• Cosmological implications of the anisotropy of ten galaxy cluster scaling relations
• Analyzing the Large-Scale Bulk Flow using CosmicFlows4: Increasing Tension with the Standard Cosmological Model
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Evaluating Peculiar Velocity Corrections in Cosmological Analyses with Nearby Type Ia Supernovae
• Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ~10000 Tully-Fisher Distances
• Light and color curve properties of type Ia supernovae: Theory vs. Observations
• 2MTF VI. Measuring the velocity power spectrum
• The peculiar velocity field up to $z\sim 0.05$ by forward-modeling Cosmicflows-3 data
• Cosmological Forecasts for Combined and Next Generation Peculiar Velocity Surveys
• Discovery of a red ultra-diffuse galaxy in a nearby void based on its globular cluster luminosity function
• The Redshift Space Momentum Power Spectrum II: measuring the growth rate from the combined 2MTF and 6dFGSv surveys
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Peculiar Velocity Catalogue
• Statistical Inconsistencies in the KiDS-450 Dataset
• Discovery of a supercluster in the ZOA in Vela
• An Unbiased Estimator of Peculiar Velocity with Gaussian Distributed Errors for Precision Cosmology
• Measuring the growth rate of structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST
• Improving constraints on the growth rate of structure by modelling the density-velocity cross-correlation in the 6dF Galaxy Survey
• Constrained realizations of 2MRS density and peculiar velocity fields: growth rate and local flow
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population and structural trends across the Fundamental Plane
• Joint growth rate measurements from redshift-space distortions and peculiar velocities in the 6dF Galaxy Survey
• Evaluating bulk flow estimators for CosmicFlows-4 measurements
• Two stripped envelope supernovae with circumstellar interaction -- but only one really shows it
• The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216
• Peculiar-velocity cosmology with Types Ia and II supernovae
• Target Selection for the DESI Peculiar Velocity Survey
• The Redshift-Space Momentum Power Spectrum I: Optimal Estimation From Peculiar Velocity Surveys
• Update on HI data collection from GBT, Parkes and Arecibo telescopes for the Cosmic Flows project
• Peculiar velocities in the local Universe: comparison of different models and the implications for $H_0$ and dark matter
• Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Near-infrared Spectroscopic Diversity of Type II Supernovae
• 2MTF - VII. 2MASS Tully-Fisher survey final data release: distances for 2,062 nearby spiral galaxies
• A local measurement of the growth rate from peculiar velocities and galaxy clustering correlations in the 6dF Galaxy Survey
• Cosmicflows-3: Cold Spot Repeller?
• Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall
• DESI Peculiar Velocity Survey -- Fundamental Plane
• The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane: The virial relation and a very thin plane for slow-rotators
• Reconstructing the cosmological density and velocity fields from redshifted galaxy distributions using V-net
• Large-scale density and velocity field reconstructions with neural networks
• Using peculiar velocity surveys to constrain the growth rate of structure with the wide-angle effect
• Large-scale motions and growth rate from forward-modelling Tully-Fisher peculiar velocities
• Constraining a late time transition of $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$ using low-z galaxy survey data
• Revealing the Local Cosmic Web from Galaxies by Deep Learning
• Not a Copernican observer: biased peculiar velocity statistics in the local Universe
• Identification of Basins of Attraction in the Local Universe
• From Out of the Blue: Swift Links 2002es-like, 2003fg-like, and Early-Time Bump Type Ia Supernovae
• Cosmographic Footprints of Dynamical Dark Energy
• Dynamic cosmography of the local Universe: Laniakea and five more watershed superclusters
• From Cosmicflows distance moduli to unbiased distances and peculiar velocities
• NIR Tully-Fisher in the Zone of Avoidance. -- III. Deep NIR catalogue of the HIZOA galaxies
• Reconstructing dark matter distribution with peculiar velocities: Bayesian forward modelling with corrections for inhomogeneous Malmquist bias
• Cosmic Flow Measurement and Mock Sampling Algorithm of Cosmicflows-4 Tully-Fisher Catalogue
• Improving estimates of the growth rate using galaxy-velocity correlations: a simulation study
• X-Ray Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Galaxy flows within 8,000 km/s from Numerical Action methods
• Cosmological surveys with multi-object spectrographs
• Gaussianization of peculiar velocities and bulk flow measurement
• The DIVING${}^{3D}$ Survey -- Deep IFS View of Nuclei of Galaxies -- I. Definition and Sample Presentation
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Stellar-to-Dynamical Mass Relation I. Constraining the Precision of Stellar Mass Estimates
• Distance to the Dorado galaxy group
• Constraining modified gravity scenarios with the 6dFGS and SDSS galaxy peculiar velocity datasets
• Spectroastrometry and Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Measuring Geometric Distances and Black Hole Masses of Four Nearby Quasars
• Generalized framework for likelihood-based field-level inference of growth rate from velocity and density fields
• Testing modified gravity scenarios with direct peculiar velocities
• The Distance and Peculiar Velocity of the Norma cluster (ACO 3627) using the Near-Infrared $J$ and $K_s$-band Fundamental Plane Relations
• Infall Profiles for Supercluster-Scale Filaments
• Estimating Hubble Constant with Gravitational Observations: A Concise Review
• Does Gravity Fall Down? Evidence for Gravitational Wave Deflection Along the Line of Sight to GW 170817
• Peculiar Velocity Reconstruction From Simulations and Observations Using Deep Learning Algorithms
• Hawai'i Supernova Flows: A Peculiar Velocity Survey Using Over a Thousand Supernovae in the Near-Infrared
• Statistically bias-minimized peculiar velocity catalogs from Gibbs point processes and Bayesian inference
• The Type II-P Supernova 2019mhm and Constraints on Its Progenitor System
• The subtle statistics of the distance ladder: On the distance prior and selection effects
• Characterising Dark Energy through supernovae
• The $K_s$-band luminosity function of the rich cluster VC04 in the Vela supercluster
• Game Theory in Cosmology
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Implications of $f(R)$ gravity on late-time cosmic structure growth through a complete description of density perturbations
• Expected redshift drift for tilted observers
• $S_8$ from peculiar velocities: agreement with Planck for Tully--Fisher and supernovae, tension for the fundamental plane
• Improved Methods for Estimating Peculiar Velocity Correlation Functions Using Volume Weighting