SPT-3G D1: CMB temperature and polarization power spectra and cosmology from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field

Abstract

We present measurements of the temperature and E-mode polarization angular power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from observations of 4% of the sky with SPT-3G, the current camera on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The maps used in this analysis are the deepest used in a CMB TT/TE/EE analysis to date. The maps and resulting power spectra have been validated through blind and unblind tests. The measurements of the lensed EE and TE spectra are the most precise to date at l=1800-4000 and l=2200-4000, respectively. Combining our TT/TE/EE spectra with previously published SPT-3G CMB lensing results, we find parameters for the standard LCDM model consistent with Planck and ACT-DR6 with comparable constraining power. We report a Hubble constant of $H_0=66.66\pm 0.60$ km/s/Mpc from SPT-3G alone, 6.2 sigma away from local measurements from SH0ES. For the first time, combined ground-based (SPT+ACT) CMB primary and lensing data have reached Planck's constraining power on some parameters, a milestone for CMB cosmology. The combination of these three CMB experiments yields the tightest CMB constraints to date, with $H_0=67.19\pm 0.38$ km/s/Mpc, and the amplitude of clustering ${\sigma }_8=0.8137\pm 0.0037$. CMB data alone show no evidence for physics beyond LCDM; however, we observe a 2.8 sigma difference in LCDM between CMB and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) results from DESI-DR2, which is relaxed in extended models. The combination of CMB and BAO yields 2-3 sigma shifts from LCDM in the curvature of the universe, the amplitude of CMB lensing, or the dark energy equation of state. It also drives mild preferences for models that address the Hubble tension through modified recombination or variations in the electron mass in a non-flat universe. This work highlights the growing power of ground-based CMB experiments and lays a foundation for further cosmological analyses with SPT-3G.

The manuscript contains 86 pages, 46 figures, and 11 tables. Published in PRD

References in corpus (66)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Clustering of the SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample I: A 4 per cent Distance Measure at z=0.15
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
• Massive neutrinos and cosmology
• BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season
• DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints
• The $H_0$ Olympics: A fair ranking of proposed models
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear and Robustness to Data Calibration
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear and Robustness to Modeling Uncertainty
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR6 Gravitational Lensing Map and Cosmological Parameters
• A precision calculation of relic neutrino decoupling
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and its Implications for Structure Growth
• A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• CMB power spectra and cosmological parameters from Planck PR4 with CamSpec
• Hyper Suprime-Cam Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear Power Spectra
• Cosmological parameters derived from the final (PR4) Planck data release
• DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements
• COSMOPOWER: emulating cosmological power spectra for accelerated Bayesian inference from next-generation surveys
• DES Y3 + KiDS-1000: Consistent cosmology combining cosmic shear surveys
• CLASS: The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor
• LiteBIRD: JAXA's new strategic L-class mission for all-sky surveys of cosmic microwave background polarization
• Small Magellanic Cloud Cepheids Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope Provide a New Anchor for the SH0ES Distance Ladder
• CMB Polarization Systematics Due to Beam Asymmetry: Impact on Inflationary Science
• KiDS-Legacy: Cosmological constraints from cosmic shear with the complete Kilo-Degree Survey
• DESI DR2 Results I: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest
• CMB Polarization can constrain cosmology better than CMB temperature
• Constraints on $\Lambda$CDM Extensions from the SPT-3G 2018 $EE$ and $TE$ Power Spectra
• Cosmology From CMB Lensing and Delensed EE Power Spectra Using 2019-2020 SPT-3G Polarization Data
• Symmetry of Cosmological Observables, and a High Hubble Constant as an Indicator of a Mirror World Dark Sector
• Massive neutrinos and cosmic composition
• A Measurement of Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Using SPT-3G 2018 Data
• Non-Gaussian structure of the lensed CMB power spectra covariance matrix
• Non-Gaussian estimates of tensions in cosmological parameters
• JAX-COSMO: An End-to-End Differentiable and GPU Accelerated Cosmology Library
• Towards a precision calculation of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the Standard Model III: Improved estimate of NLO contributions to the collision integral
• Measurement of CIB power spectra over large sky areas from Planck HFI maps
• Consistency of Planck, ACT and SPT constraints on magnetically assisted recombination and forecasts for future experiments
• What it takes to solve the Hubble tension through modifications of cosmological recombination
• KiDS-1000: Cosmology with improved cosmic shear measurements
• Small-scale clumping at recombination and the Hubble tension
• QuickPol: Fast calculation of effective beam matrices for CMB polarization
• Can small-scale baryon inhomogeneities resolve the Hubble tension? An investigation with ACT DR4
• CosmoPower-JAX: high-dimensional Bayesian inference with differentiable cosmological emulators
• KiDS-Legacy: Consistency of cosmic shear measurements and joint cosmological constraints with external probes
• Feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeter camera modules at 150 GHz for CMB polarization measurements with SPTpol
• Scaling Transformations and the Origins of Light Relics Constraints from Cosmic Microwave Background Observations
• candl: Cosmic Microwave Background Analysis with a Differentiable Likelihood
• First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations
• Is Dynamical Dark Energy Necessary? DESI BAO and Modified Recombination
• Joint analysis of DES Year 3 data and CMB lensing from SPT and Planck I: Construction of CMB Lensing Maps and Modeling Choices
• Modified recombination and the Hubble tension
• Unified and consistent structure growth measurements from joint ACT, SPT and \textit{Planck} CMB lensing
• Robust Evidence for Dynamical Dark Energy from DESI Galaxy-CMB Lensing Cross-Correlation and Geometric Probes
• Approximate reconstruction of inflationary potential with ACT observations
• Absolute reference for microwave polarization experiments -- The COSMOCal project and its proof of concept
• Probing the Early History of Cosmic Reionization by Future Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Semi-Analytic Covariance Matrices for the DR6 CMB Power Spectra
• Tensions in cosmology: a discussion of statistical tools to determine inconsistencies
• Measurement and Modeling of Polarized Atmosphere at the South Pole with SPT-3G
• Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope: A data release of temperature maps and catalogs
• Compressed 'CMB-lite' Likelihoods Using Automatic Differentiation
• Breaking the degeneracy between polarization efficiency and cosmological parameters in CMB experiments
• Filtering in CMB data analysis with application to ACT DR4 and Planck observations

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Two per cent measurement of $H_0$ from Cepheids alone
• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• The subtle statistics of the distance ladder: On the distance prior and selection effects
• Inference of matter power spectrum at z=0 using DESI DR1 Full-Shape data
• Dark Energy After DESI DR2: Observational Status, Reconstructions, and Physical Models
• Inflation in light of ACT/SPT: A new perspective from Weyl gravity
• First measurement of the Hubble constant from a combined weak lensing and gravitational-wave standard siren analysis
• Constraints on the normal branch of DGP gravity from SPT galaxy clusters with DES and HST weak-lensing mass calibration and from Planck PR4 CMB anisotropies
• Neutrino mass limits and decaying dark matter: background evolution versus perturbations
• Forward-modelling Milky Way Cepheids: selection effects and physical priors in the Gaia-HST calibration
• Systematics mitigation for catalogue-based angular power spectra
• Dark Matter Freeze-in from a $Z^{\prime }$ Reheaton
• Physical Implications and Updated Observational Constraints of the PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid Model
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• The BAO scale -- how standard is the standard ruler?
• Inside the Black Box of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: A Comprehensive Sensitivity Atlas for the Precision Era
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• ABCMB: A Python+JAX Package for the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum
• Beyond thermal approximations: Precise cosmological bounds on Axion-Like Particles
• The Hydrostatic Mass Bias and the ${\sigma }_8$ Tension: A Multi-Probe Forecast for Stage-IV/V Surveys
• Very-High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Multi-Monodromy Inflation
• Revisiting the Matter Creation Process: Observational Constraints on Gravitationally Induced Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• Fermion (non)reheating with a quartic inflaton potential