Polarization Modes of Gravitational Waves in Palatini Horndeski theory

Abstract

In this paper, the polarization modes of gravitational waves in Horndeski gravity are studied under the Palatini formalism. After obtaining the linearized equation of perturbations in Minkowski background, we find that the polarization modes of gravitational waves depend on the selection of the theoretical parameters. The polarization modes can be divided into quite rich cases by parameters. In all cases of parameter selection, there are $+$ and $\times$ modes propagating at the speed of light but no vector modes. The only difference from general relativity is scalar modes, especially the scalar degrees of freedom can be 0, 1 or 2 in different cases. The appropriate parameter cases can be expected to be selected in the detection of gravitational wave polarization modes by Lisa, Taiji and TianQin in the future.

23 pages, 1 figure, 1 table

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• Classification of Gravitational Waves in Higher-dimensional Space-time and Possibility of Observation
• Polarization modes of gravitational waves in general modified gravity: General metric theory and general scalar-tensor theory
• Polarization modes of gravitational waves in general Einstein-vector theory
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Testing gravity with gauge-invariant polarization states of gravitational waves: Theory and pulsar timing sensitivity
• Polarization and speed of gravitational waves in hybrid metric-Palatini f(R)-gravity
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• Healthy Horndeski cosmologies with torsion
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• The role of longitudinal polarizations in Horndeski and macroscopic gravity: Introducing gravitational plasmas