Non-tensorial Gravitational Wave Background in NANOGrav 12.5-Year Data Set

Abstract

We perform the first search for an isotropic non-tensorial gravitational-wave background (GWB) allowed in general metric theories of gravity in the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 12.5-year data set. By modeling the GWB as a power-law spectrum, we find strong Bayesian indication for a spatially correlated process with scalar transverse (ST) correlations whose Bayes factor versus the spatially uncorrelated common-spectrum process is $107\pm 7$, but no statistically significant evidence for the tensor transverse, vector longitudinal and scalar longitudinal polarization modes. The median and the $90\%$ equal-tail amplitudes of ST mode are ${\mathcal{A}}_{\mathrm{ST}}=1.06_{-0.28}^{+0.35}\times 10^{-15}$, or equivalently the energy density parameter per logarithm frequency is ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{GW}}^{\mathrm{ST}}=1.54_{-0.71}^{+1.21}\times 10^{-9}$, at frequency of 1/year.

6 pages, 2 tables and 2 figures; version under review which was revised before arXiv:2109.14706

References in corpus (18)

• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• TEMPO2, a new pulsar timing package. I: Overview
• Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
• The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Search For An Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• Tempo2, a new pulsar timing package. II: The timing model and precision estimates
• The stochastic gravitational-wave background from massive black hole binary systems: implications for observations with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Gravitational waves from resolvable massive black hole binary systems and observations with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Pulsar Timing Array Constraints on Primordial Black Holes with NANOGrav 11-Year Data Set
• The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Observations and Narrowband Timing of 47 Millisecond Pulsars
• An all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array data set
• New advances in the Gaussian-process approach to pulsar-timing data analysis
• Astrophysics Milestones For Pulsar Timing Array Gravitational Wave Detection
• Log-dependent slope of scalar induced gravitational waves in the infrared regions
• Searching for gravitational wave memory bursts with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• Modeling the uncertainties of solar-system ephemerides for robust gravitational-wave searches with pulsar timing arrays
• The NANOGrav 11-Year Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Wave Memory
• Searching for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic string cusps with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• Pulse redshift of pulsar timing array signals for all possible gravitational wave polarizations in modified general relativity

Cited by in corpus (23)

• Primordial gravitational waves from NANOGrav: a broken power-law approach
• Confronting the primordial black hole scenario with the gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO-Virgo
• The NANOGrav 12.5-year data set: Search for Non-Einsteinian Polarization Modes in theGravitational-Wave Background
• Search for the Gravitational-wave Background from Cosmic Strings with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Second Data Release
• Constraining the Polarization of Gravitational Waves with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Second Data Release
• NANOGrav Signal from First-Order Confinement/Deconfinement Phase Transition in Different QCD Matters
• Constraining ultralight vector dark matter with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array second data release
• Searching for Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background in the International Pulsar Timing Array Second Data Release
• Stochastic gravitational wave background phenomenology in a pulsar timing array
• NANOGrav signal and LIGO-Virgo Primordial Black Holes from the Higgs field
• Scalar-tensor mixed polarization search of gravitational waves
• Polarization Modes of Gravitational Waves in Palatini Horndeski theory
• Generating enhanced primordial GWs during inflation with intermittent violation of NEC and diminishment of GW propagating speed
• Detecting the stochastic gravitational wave background with the TianQin detector
• Constraining the Extra Polarization Modes of Gravitational Waves with Double White Dwarfs
• Stochastic gravitational wave background due to gravitational wave memory
• Looking out for the Galileon in the nanohertz gravitational wave sky
• Constraining Palatini-Horndeski theory with gravitational waves after GW170817
• Constraining the Gravitational-Wave Spectrum from Cosmological First-Order Phase Transitions Using Data from LIGO-Virgo First Three Observing Runs
• Sensitivity of third-generation interferometers to extra polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• White dwarf binary modulation can help stochastic gravitational wave background search
• Non-linear corrections of overlap reduction functions for pulsar timing arrays
• Overlap reduction function for gravitational wave detectors in an expanding Universe