Universal time delay in static spherically symmetric spacetimes for null and timelike signals
arXiv:2006.03542 · doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac03ab
Abstract
A perturbative method to compute the total travel time of both null and lightlike rays in arbitrary static spherically symmetric spacetimes in the weak field limit is proposed. The resultant total time takes a quasi-series form of the impact parameter. The coefficient of this series at a certain order is shown to be determined by the asymptotic expansion of the metric functions to the order . To the leading order(s), the time delay, as well as the difference between the time delays of two kinds of relativistic signals, is then shown to take a universal form for all SSS spacetimes. This universal form depends on the mass and a post-Newtonian parameter of the spacetime. The analytical result is numerically verified using the central black hole of M87 as the gravitational lensing center.
arXiv comment7 pages, 2 figure; added more explanation for some steps; typos corrected
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