Gravitational lensing time delays with massive photons

Abstract

This paper investigates the use of gravitational time delays of macro-lenses to constrain a possible photon mass. The time delay between the 2 compact images of a source of massive photons is computed. Explicit expressions are given for Schwarzschild and singular isothermal lenses. In the latter case, the time delay is very insensitive to the photon mass. Modeling lens galaxies by a singular isothermal model and a central supermassive black hole, the photon mass-dependent part of the time delay between the compact images is shown to be proportional to the mass of the black hole. The sensitivity of time delays to the photon mass is illustrated by a bound obtained from 3 AGN which have measurements in several passbands. The bound obtained is comparable to the limit with the deflection of radio waves by the Sun.

arXiv comment10 pages, Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• An experimental test of gravity at high energy
• H.E.S.S. observations of the flaring gravitationally lensed galaxy PKS 1830-211
• Universal time delay in static spherically symmetric spacetimes for null and timelike signals
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