The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity

Abstract

We tested whether refracted gravity, a theory of modified gravity that describes the dynamics of galaxies without the aid of dark matter, can model the dynamics of the three massive elliptical galaxies, NGC 1407, NGC 4486, and NGC 5846, out to $\sim$$10R_{\mathrm{e}}$, where the baryonic mass component fades out and dark matter is required in Newtonian gravity. We probed these outer regions with the kinematics of the globular clusters provided by the SLUGGS survey. Refracted gravity mimics dark matter with the gravitational permittivity, a monotonic function of the local mass density depending on three parameters, ${\epsilon }_0$, ${\rho }_{\mathrm{c}}$, and $Q$, which are expected to be universal. Refracted gravity satisfactorily reproduces the velocity dispersion profiles of the stars and red and blue globular clusters, with stellar mass-to-light ratios in agreement with stellar population synthesis models, and orbital anisotropy parameters consistent with previous results obtained in Newtonian gravity with dark matter. The sets of the three parameters of the gravitational permittivity found for each galaxy are consistent with each other within $\sim$2$\sigma$. We compare the mean $\{{\epsilon }_0,Q,{\log }_{10}\left[{\rho }_{\mathrm{c}}\left(\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}\right)\right]\}=\{0.089_{-0.035}^{+0.038},0.47_{-0.21}^{+0.29},-24.25_{-0.20}^{+0.28}\}$ found here with the means of the parameters required to model the rotation curves and vertical velocity dispersion profiles of 30 disk galaxies from the DiskMass Survey (DMS): ${\rho }_{\mathrm{c}}$ and $Q$ agree within 1$\sigma$ with the DMS values, whereas ${\epsilon }_0$ agrees within 3$\sigma$. This agreement suggests that ellipticals and disk galaxies allow for common values of the parameters of the permittivity and supports the universality of the permittivity function.

arXiv comment19 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics in January 2022, Volume 657, Page A133, accepted for publication on 12 October 2021. v2: changes after refereeing process

References in corpus (79)

• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Unified cosmic history in modified gravity: from F(R) theory to Lorentz non-invariant models
• The Optical and Near-Infrared Properties of Galaxies: I. Luminosity and Stellar Mass Functions
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• Axion Cosmology
• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe
• Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
• The Atlas3D project -- I. A volume-limited sample of 260 nearby early-type galaxies: science goals and selection criteria
• Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: 2015
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): Observational Phenomenology and Relativistic Extensions
• Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• Modified Newtonian Dynamics as an Alternative to Dark Matter
• Analytical Models For Galactic Nuclei
• Resolved stellar mass maps of galaxies. I: method and implications for global mass estimates
• Measuring the inclination and mass-to-light ratio of axisymmetric galaxies via anisotropic Jeans models of stellar kinematics
• The ATLAS3D project - II. Morphologies, kinemetric features and alignment between photometric and kinematic axes of early-type galaxies
• Energy Input and Mass Redistribution by Supernovae in the Interstellar Medium
• The Physics of the Intergalactic Medium
• CMB Anomalies after Planck
• Hot Gas In and Around Elliptical Galaxies
• Dark matter in elliptical galaxies: II. Estimating the mass within the virial radius
• Small scale problems of the $\Lambda$CDM model: a short review
• A Chandra View of Dark Matter in Early-Type Galaxies
• A new relativistic theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics
• The dark matter crisis: falsification of the current standard model of cosmology
• The DiskMass Survey. I. Overview
• Lost & Found Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies
• The SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS Survey (SLUGGS): Sample definition, methods, and initial results
• The SLUGGS Survey: Kinematics for over 2500 Globular Clusters in Twelve Early-type Galaxies
• Wide-Field Precision Kinematics of the M87 Globular Cluster System
• The 3D Power Spectrum from Angular Clustering of Galaxies in Early SDSS Data
• The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: the dark matter in NGC 4494
• MOND theory
• Hot Atmospheres, Cold Gas, AGN Feedback and the Evolution of Early Type Galaxies: a Topical Perspective
• The Dynamical Fingerprint of Core Scouring in Massive Elliptical Galaxies
• The Baryonic Halos of Elliptical Galaxies: Radial Distribution of Globular Clusters and Diffuse Hot Gas
• Dark matters on the scale of galaxies
• Non-Baryonic Dark Matter in Cosmology
• Depleted Galaxy Cores and Dynamical Black Hole Masses
• The ATLAS3D Project - XXI. Correlations between gradients of local escape velocity and stellar populations in early-type galaxies
• The NGC 5846 Group: Dynamics and the Luminosity Function to M_R=-12
• Unified Dark Matter Scalar Field Models
• Predictions and Outcomes for the Dynamics of Rotating Galaxies
• Tracing the Star Stream Through M31 Using Planetary Nebula Kinematics
• The SLUGGS Survey: stellar kinematics, kinemetry and trends at large radii in 25 early-type galaxies
• Eridanus - A Supergroup in the Local Universe?
• The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey. The kinematic diversity of stellar halos and the relation between halo transition scale and stellar mass
• A general class of gravitational theories as alternatives to dark matter where the speed of gravity always equals the speed of light
• Globular cluster systems in low-luminosity early-type galaxies near the Fornax Cluster centre
• Washington CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster System of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy M60 in Virgo
• The outskirts of globular clusters as modified gravity probes
• The simultaneous formation of cored, tangentially biased, and kinematically decoupled centers in massive early-type galaxies
• Unified Superfluid Dark Sector
• A Redshift Survey of the Strong Lensing Cluster Abell 383
• The SLUGGS Survey: a catalog of over 4000 globular cluster radial velocities in 27 nearby early-type galaxies
• The early-type galaxies NGC 1407 and NGC 1400 - I: spatially resolved radial kinematics and surface photometry
• Flattened velocity dispersion profiles in Globular Clusters: Newtonian tides or modified gravity?
• Can Conformal Weyl Gravity be Considered a Viable Cosmological Theory?
• The SLUGGS Survey: Multi-population dynamical modelling of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1407 from stars and globular clusters
• Probing the Mass Distributions in NGC 1407 and Its Associated Group with the X-ray Imaging Spectroscopic and Optical Photometric and Line-strength Indices Data
• X-ray clusters of galaxies in conformal gravity
• A relation between the dark mass of elliptical galaxies and their shape
• Big-bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background constraints on non-minimally coupled theories of gravity
• A universal velocity dispersion profile for pressure supported systems: evidence for MONDian gravity across 7 orders of magnitude in mass
• Constraining the Physical State of the Hot Gas Halos in NGC 4649 and NGC 5846
• A Test of MONDian Gravity in $\sim$300 pressure supported elliptical galaxies from the MaNGA survey
• Dynamics of DiskMass Survey galaxies in refracted gravity
• Conformal gravity: light deflection revisited and the galactic rotation curve failure
• Is dark matter fact or fantasy? -- clues from the data
• Approaching the Dark Sector through a bounding curvature criterion
• The massive elliptical galaxy NGC 4649 from the perspective of extended gravity
• Asymptotic kinematics of Globular Clusters: the emergence of a Tully-Fisher relation
• Isothermal distributions in MONDian gravity as a simple unifying explanation for the ubiquitous $\rho \propto r^{-3}$ density profiles in tenuous stellar halos
• Can the cosmological dark sector be modeled by a single scalar field?

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity