MOND theory

Abstract

A general account of MOND theory is given. I start with the basic tenets of MOND, which posit departure from standard dynamics in the limit of low acceleration -- below an acceleration constant a0 -- where dynamics become scale invariant. I list some of the salient predictions of these tenets. The special role of a0 and its significance are then discussed. In particular, I stress its coincidence with cosmologically relevant accelerations. The deep-MOND limit and the consequences of its scale invariance are considered in some detail. General aspects of MOND theories are then described, after which I list briefly presently known theories, both nonrelativistic and relativistic. Most full-fledged theories modify the gravitational action, hinge on a0, introduce an interpolating function between the low and high accelerations, and obey MOND requirements in the opposite limits. These theories have much heuristic value as proofs of various concepts (e.g., that covariant MOND theories can be written with correct gravitational lensing). But, probably, they are, at best, effective theories of limited applicability. I then outline several other promising approaches to constructing MOND theories that strive to obtain MOND as an effective theory from deeper concepts, for example, by modifying inertia and/or gravity as a result of interactions with some omnipresent agent. Some theories do enjoy a natural appearance of a cosmological-constant-like contribution that, furthermore, exhibits the observed connection with a0. However, none were shown to address fully the mass discrepancies in cosmology and structure formation that are otherwise explained by cosmological dark matter. We have no clues as to whether and how MOND aspects enter non-gravitational phenomena, but I discuss briefly some possibilities.

15 pages, to be published in a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Physics dedicated to MOND. Minor corrections to match published version

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Cited by in corpus (67)

• Cosmological Tests of Modified Gravity
• Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
• MOND simulation suggests the origin of some peculiarities in the Local Group
• Effective Fluid Description of the Dark Universe
• MOND vs. dark matter in light of historical parallels
• Emergence of a Dark Force in Corpuscular Gravity
• Physical laboratory at the center of the Galaxy
• Noncovariance at low accelerations as a route to MOND
• Anisotropic Fluid Cosmology: an Alternative to Dark Matter?
• Galactic dynamics and long-range quantum gravity
• Compact stars with a small electric charge: the limiting radius to mass relation and the maximum mass for incompressible matter
• Testing Dark Matter and Modifications to Gravity using Local Milky Way Observables
• Shades of Dark Uncertainty and Consensus Value for the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation
• Dark matter scenarios with multiple spin-2 fields
• The Phantom of RAMSES user guide for galaxy simulations using Milgromian and Newtonian gravity
• Methodological Reflections on the MOND/Dark Matter Debate
• Study of gravitational fields and globular cluster systems of early-type galaxies
• Generalizations of Quasilinear MOND (QUMOND)
• A Machian Request for the Equivalence Principle in Extended Gravity and non-geodesic motion
• Light deflection angle through velocity profile of galaxies in $f(R)$ model
• Gravity from Transactions: Fulfilling the Entropic Gravity Program
• Interposing a Varying Gravitational Constant Between Modified Newtonian Dynamics and Weak Weyl Gravity
• Supermassive Black Holes from self-gravitating Bose-Einstein Condensates comprised of Ultra-light Bosonic Dark Matter
• Gravitational metamaterials from optical properties of spacetime media
• Lagrange multiplier and Wess-Zumino variable as large extra dimensions in the torus universe
• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Multimessenger TeV Dark Matter: a mini review
• Ground-states for the liquid drop and TFDW models with long-range attraction
• The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity
• Gauss's Law and the Source for Poisson's Equation in Modified Gravity with Varying G
• Probing modified Newtonian dynamics with hypervelocity stars
• Ricci Flow Approach to The Cosmological Constant Problem
• Dark matter in Inert Doublet Model with one scalar singlet and $U(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry
• Scale Invariance at low accelerations (aka MOND) and the dynamical anomalies in the Universe
• Universal expansion with spatially varying $G$
• Quantum Modified Gravity at Low Energy in the Ricci Flow of Quantum Spacetime
• Celestial mechanics in Newtonian-like gravity with variable $G$
• A novel covariant approach to gravito-electromagnetism
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• Testing Cotton gravity as dark matter substitute with weak lensing
• Cosmological implications of the Gaia Milky Way declining rotation curve
• Dynamical modelling of disc vertical structure in superthin galaxy `UGC 7321' in braneworld gravity: An MCMC study
• Crossover in extended Newtonian gravity emerging from thermodynamics
• End of a Dark Age?
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• A Mechanism for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Theory of Causal Fermion Systems
• Solar System, Astrophysics, and Cosmology from the Derivative Expansion
• A Preference for Cold Dark Matter over Superfluid Dark Matter in Local Milky Way Data
• Addressing the core-cusp and diversity problem of dwarf and disk galaxies using cold collisionless DARKexp theory
• Effect of the Cosmological Constant on Halo Size
• On the radial acceleration of disk galaxies
• A new perspective on galactic dynamics
• Analysis of recent G experiments by a differential version of MOND theory
• Many body gravity and the galaxy rotation curves
• Many body gravity and the bullet cluster
• MOND and Natural Scales of Distance and Mass
• On the emergence of gravity in a framework of emergent quantum mechanics
• The $\kappa$-model under test of the SPARC database
• Hyperbolic statics in space-time
• Anisotropic dispersion relation of ultralight Bose gases in modified Newtonian dynamics
• Local Short-Time Acceleration induced Spectral Line Broadening and Possible Implications in Cosmology
• Milgrom's Law and Lambda's Shadow: How Massive Gravity Connects Galactic and Cosmic Dynamics
• The two-component virial theorem and the acceleration-discrepancy relation
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• A complementary covariant approach to gravito-electromagnetism
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